935 lines
48 KiB
Markdown
935 lines
48 KiB
Markdown
<!-- SeleniumBase Docs -->
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="SeleniumBase | Docs">
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<meta property="og:title" content="SeleniumBase | Reliable Test Automation" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="Simple browser automation and testing with Python." />
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_logo_10.png" />
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<link rel="icon" href="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/logo3a.png" />
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<section align="center"><div align="center">
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<h2>✅ 可靠的测试自动化</h2>
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</div></section>
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<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/">
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<img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_logo_10.png" alt="SeleniumBase" width="260" />
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</a></p>
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<p align="center"><div align="center"><b>测试框架 </b><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/✅%20💛%20查看代码-在GitHub%20🌎%20🚀-02A79E.svg" alt="SeleniumBase on GitHub" /></a></div></p>
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<section align="center"><div align="center"><h3>中文文件 <=> <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/">English Docs</h3></div></section>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/releases">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.svg?color=2277EE" alt="Latest Release on GitHub" /></a> <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/seleniumbase">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/seleniumbase.svg?color=22AAEE" alt="Latest Release on PyPI" /></a> <a href="https://seleniumbase.io">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-%20📖-11BBDD.svg" alt="SeleniumBase.io Docs" /></a> <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/chinese/">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/文件-%20中文-11BBDD.svg" alt="SeleniumBase.io Docs" /></a> <a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/actions">
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<img src="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/workflows/CI%20build/badge.svg" alt="SeleniumBase GitHub Actions" /></a> <a href="https://gitter.im/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase">
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<img src="https://badges.gitter.im/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.svg" alt="SeleniumBase" /></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<b>UI自动化测试需要的一切这里都有.</b>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="#python_installation">🚀 立即开始</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/customizing_test_runs/">🧙♂️ 命令行选项</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/features_list/">🏰 功能列表</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/ReadMe/">👨🏫 学习示例</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/mobile_testing/">📱 移动测试</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/example_logs/ReadMe/">📊 测试报告</a>
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<br />
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/method_summary/">📖 API语法</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/tour_examples/ReadMe/">🗺️ 创建旅游</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/translations/">🌎 语言翻译</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/master_qa/ReadMe/">🛂 MasterQA</a> |
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<a href="https://seleniumbase.io/integrations/github/workflows/ReadMe/">🤖 持续集成</a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<div align="center"><b>Selenium 和 pytest 组合使用.</b></div>
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</p>
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<p align="center"><div align="center"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/gif/swag_demo_2.gif" alt="SeleniumBase" title="SeleniumBase" /></div></p>
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<a id="python_installation"></a>
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<h2><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 立即开始:</h2>
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* 需要 **[Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/)** 和 **[Git](https://git-scm.com/)**
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* [<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/seleniumbase.svg?color=22AAEE" alt="Python:2.7|3.5|3.6|3.7|3.8" />](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
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* 建议配合 [Python virtual env](https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/) . <i><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/virtualenv_instructions/">See shortcut</a>.</i>
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* 更新 **[pip](https://pypi.org/project/pip/)** 以防出现警告:
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```bash
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python -m pip install -U pip
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```
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<a id="install_seleniumbase"></a>
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<h2><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 安装 SeleniumBase:</h2>
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.git
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cd SeleniumBase/
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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python setup.py install
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```
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如果存在多个安装的python版本, 需要显示具体版本 (E.g. 使用 ``python3`` 代替 ``python``).
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* 你也可以通过[pypi](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/seleniumbase)安装 ``seleniumbase`` :
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```bash
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pip install seleniumbase
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```
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* 添加 ``--upgrade`` 或 ``-U`` 来更新安装程序.
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* 添加 ``--force-reinstall`` 更新依赖包.
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<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 下载 webdriver:</h3>
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SeleniumBase 下载 webdriver 驱动到 [seleniumbase/drivers](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/tree/master/seleniumbase/drivers) 文件夹下, 使用 ``install`` 命令:
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```bash
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seleniumbase install chromedriver
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```
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* 你可能需要不同的 webdriver 来对应各种网页浏览器来完成自动化测试,例如: ``chromedriver`` 对应 Chrome, ``edgedriver`` 对应 Edge, ``geckodriver`` 对应 Firefox, ``operadriver`` 对应 Opera, ``iedriver`` 对应 Internet Explorer.
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* 如果你需要安装最新版本的浏览器驱动, 以以下命令获取最新版本浏览器驱动 (<i>因兼容性原因,默认下载的版本为 chromedriver 2.44 </i>):
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```bash
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seleniumbase install chromedriver latest
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```
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<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 使用 Chrome 运行用例:</h3>
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```bash
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cd examples/
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pytest my_first_test.py
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```
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* 如果没指定版本则默认运行的浏览器驱动为 chromedriver, 使用指定版本的命令为: ``--browser=BROWSER``.
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* Linux 中 ``--headless`` 为默认值 (无界面运行).你也可以在任何系统中运行无界面模式. 如果你的 Linux服务器有 GUI 界面,你也需要在界面中查看浏览器运行用例的过程,你可以添加 ``--headed`` 或 ``--gui``.
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<b>运行 [my_first_test.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/examples/my_first_test.py) Demo Mode:</b>
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```bash
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pytest my_first_test.py --demo
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```
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<img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/gif/my_first_test_1.gif" title="SeleniumBase" />
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<b>此处为相关代码 [my_first_test.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/examples/my_first_test.py):</b>
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```python
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from seleniumbase import BaseCase
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BaseCase.main(__name__, __file__)
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class MyTestClass(BaseCase):
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def test_swag_labs(self):
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self.open("https://www.saucedemo.com")
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self.type("#user-name", "standard_user")
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self.type("#password", "secret_sauce\n")
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self.assert_element("div.inventory_list")
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self.assert_exact_text("Products", "span.title")
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self.click('button[name*="backpack"]')
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self.click("#shopping_cart_container a")
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self.assert_exact_text("Your Cart", "span.title")
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self.assert_text("Backpack", "div.cart_item")
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self.click("button#checkout")
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self.type("#first-name", "SeleniumBase")
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self.type("#last-name", "Automation")
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self.type("#postal-code", "77123")
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self.click("input#continue")
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self.assert_text("Checkout: Overview")
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self.assert_text("Backpack", "div.cart_item")
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self.assert_text("29.99", "div.inventory_item_price")
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self.click("button#finish")
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self.assert_exact_text("Thank you for your order!", "h2")
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self.assert_element('img[alt="Pony Express"]')
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self.js_click("a#logout_sidebar_link")
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self.assert_element("div#login_button_container")
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```
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* 默认情况下, **[CSS Selectors](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp)** 用来查找页面元素.
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* 如果你是CSS Selectors新手, 可以通过 [Flukeout](http://flukeout.github.io/) 游戏来帮助学习掌握.
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* 在上述代码中可以看到以下相关的 ``SeleniumBase`` 方法:
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``from seleniumbase import BaseCase``:
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```python
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self.open(URL) # 打开页面
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self.click(SELECTOR) # 点击页面元素
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self.type(SELECTOR, TEXT) # 输入文字 (添加 "\n" 在"TEXT"的末尾来进行换行.)
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self.assert_element(SELECTOR) # 断言元素是否存在并可见
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self.assert_text(TEXT) # 断言文本是否存在并可见 (可以选择某个元素选择器)
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self.assert_title(PAGE_TITLE) # 断言标题是否存在并可见
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self.assert_no_404_errors() # 断言不存在404错误,若存在则断言失败
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self.assert_no_js_errors() # 断言不存在js错误 (Chrome-ONLY)
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self.execute_script(JAVASCRIPT) # 在页面中执行js脚本
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self.go_back() # 返回到上一个url链接页面
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self.get_text(SELECTOR) # 获取元素的文本
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self.get_attribute(SELECTOR, ATTRIBUTE) # 获取某个定位元素的指定元素属性的属性值
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self.is_element_visible(SELECTOR) # 判断元素是否在页面上可见
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self.is_text_visible(TEXT) # 判断文本是否在页面上可见(可提供 SELECTOR)
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self.hover_and_click(HOVER_SELECTOR, CLICK_SELECTOR) # 鼠标移动在指定元素上后点击另一个元素
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self.select_option_by_text(DROPDOWN_SELECTOR, OPTION_TEXT) # 选择下拉框中内容
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self.switch_to_frame(FRAME_NAME) # 切换 webdriver control 到页面上指定 iframe
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self.switch_to_default_content() # 切换 webdriver control out 到当前的 iframe
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self.switch_to_window(WINDOW_NUMBER) # 切换不同的 window/tab
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self.save_screenshot(FILE_NAME) # 保存当前页面的截图
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```
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[chinese_test_1.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/examples/translations/chinese_test_1.py):
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```python
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from seleniumbase.translate.chinese import 硒测试用例
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硒测试用例.main(__name__, __file__)
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class 我的测试类(硒测试用例):
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def test_例子1(self):
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self.开启("https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/")
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self.断言标题("维基百科，自由的百科全书")
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self.断言元素('a[title="Wikipedia:关于"]')
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self.如果可见请单击('button[aria-label="关闭"]')
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self.如果可见请单击('button[aria-label="關閉"]')
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self.断言元素('span:contains("创建账号")')
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self.断言元素('span:contains("登录")')
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self.输入文本('input[name="search"]', "舞龍")
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self.单击('button:contains("搜索")')
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self.断言文本("舞龍", "#firstHeading")
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self.断言元素('img[src*="Chinese_draak.jpg"]')
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self.回去()
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self.输入文本('input[name="search"]', "麻婆豆腐")
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self.单击('button:contains("搜索")')
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self.断言文本("麻婆豆腐", "#firstHeading")
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self.断言元素('figure:contains("一家中餐館的麻婆豆腐")')
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self.回去()
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self.输入文本('input[name="search"]', "精武英雄")
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self.单击('button:contains("搜索")')
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self.断言元素('img[src*="Fist_of_legend.jpg"]')
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self.断言文本("李连杰", 'li a[title="李连杰"]')
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```
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``from seleniumbase.translate.chinese import 硒测试用例``:
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```python
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self.开启(URL) # 打开页面
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self.单击(SELECTOR) # 点击页面元素
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self.输入文本(SELECTOR, TEXT) # 输入文字 (添加 "\n" 在"TEXT"的末尾来进行换行.)
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self.断言元素(SELECTOR) # 断言元素是否存在并可见
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self.断言文本(TEXT) # 断言文本是否存在并可见 (可以选择某个元素选择器)
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self.断言标题(PAGE_TITLE) # 断言标题是否存在并可见
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self.检查断开的链接() # 断言不存在404错误,若存在则断言失败
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self.检查JS错误() # 断言不存在js错误 (Chrome-ONLY)
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self.执行脚本(JAVASCRIPT) # 在页面中执行js脚本
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self.回去() # 返回到上一个url链接页面
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self.获取文本(SELECTOR) # 获取元素的文本
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self.获取属性(SELECTOR, ATTRIBUTE) # 获取某个定位元素的指定元素属性的属性值
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self.元素是否可见(SELECTOR) # 判断元素是否在页面上可见
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self.文本是否显示(TEXT) # 判断文本是否在页面上可见(可提供 SELECTOR)
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self.悬停并单击(HOVER_SELECTOR, CLICK_SELECTOR) # 鼠标移动在指定元素上后点击另一个元素
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self.按文本选择选项(DROPDOWN_SELECTOR, OPTION_TEXT) # 选择下拉框中内容
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self.切换到帧(FRAME_NAME) # 切换 webdriver control 到页面上指定 iframe
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self.切换到默认内容() # 切换 webdriver control out 到当前的 iframe
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self.切换到窗口(WINDOW_NUMBER) # 切换不同的 window/tab
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self.保存截图(FILE_NAME) # 保存当前页面的截图
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```
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完整的 SeleniumBase methods, 可见: <b><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/method_summary/">Method Summary</a></b>
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<h2><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 了解更多信息:</h2>
|
||
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<h4>自动化 WebDriver 技能:</h4>
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SeleniumBase 自动化控制 WebDriver 操作 web browsers(浏览器),在运行失败后进行截图保存. (<i><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/customizing_test_runs/">了解更多关于定制的启动测试用例</a>.</i>)
|
||
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||
<h4>简易的代码:</h4>
|
||
SeleniumBase 使用简单简约的语法, 例如:
|
||
|
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```python
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self.type("input", "dogs\n")
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```
|
||
|
||
上述相似的代码在 Webdriver中变现的不是特别好:
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(<i>而且下面的代码不包含 SeleniumBase 的智能等待.</i>)
|
||
|
||
```python
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from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
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element = self.driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="input")
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element.clear()
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element.send_keys("dogs")
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element.submit()
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```
|
||
|
||
如你所见,在 WebDriver 中同样的事情并不如 SeleniumBase!
|
||
使用 SeleniumBase 让你的用例变得更加简单!
|
||
(<i>你可以在你的代码中一直使用 ``self.driver`` .</i>)
|
||
|
||
<h4>适用 ``pytest`` 或者 ``nosetests`` 在所有的浏览器中运行你的测试用例:</h4>
|
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(<i>推荐使用 **pytest** . **Chrome** 是默认的浏览器.</i>)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest my_first_test.py --browser=chrome
|
||
|
||
nosetests test_suite.py --browser=firefox
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Python 文件中所有以 ``test_`` 开头的python方法将自动运行当你使用 ``pytest`` 或 ``nosetests``, (<i>或包含Python文件的文件夹</i>). 还可以使用以下命令更具体地说明在文件中运行什么: (<i>注意，pytest和nosetests的语法是不同的.</i>)
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
pytest [FILE_NAME].py::[CLASS_NAME]::[METHOD_NAME]
|
||
nosetests [FILE_NAME].py:[CLASS_NAME].[METHOD_NAME]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>不再有不可靠的测试:</h4>
|
||
在与页面元素进行交互之前，SeleniumBase方法会自动等待页面元素完成加载(*直到超时限制*)。这意味着您不再需要脚本中随机的' time.sleep() '语句.
|
||
|
||
<h4>自动/手动混合模式:</h4>
|
||
SeleniumBase包括一个名为 <b><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/master_qa/ReadMe/">MasterQA</a></b>的解决方案, 通过让自动化执行所有浏览器操作，同时由手动测试人员处理验证，从而加快了手动测试的速度。.
|
||
|
||
<h4>丰富的特性:</h4>
|
||
获取SeleniumBase特性的完整列表, <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/features_list/">点击这里</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a id="detailed_instructions"></a>
|
||
<img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/img/super_logo_sb.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="290">
|
||
|
||
<h2><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 详细说明书:</h2>
|
||
|
||
<h4><b>下面介绍如何在各种web浏览器上运行示例脚本:</b></h4>
|
||
|
||
首先，为您打算使用的每个浏览器安装一个webdriver:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
seleniumbase install chromedriver
|
||
seleniumbase install geckodriver
|
||
seleniumbase install edgedriver
|
||
seleniumbase install iedriver
|
||
seleniumbase install operadriver
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
接着, 在 **pytest** 和 **nosetests** 中选择一个为您的测试启动器. (<i>可以互换.</i>)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cd examples/
|
||
|
||
pytest my_first_test.py --browser=chrome
|
||
|
||
nosetests my_first_test.py --browser=firefox
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(<i>如果没有指定浏览器，则默认使用Chrome.</i>)
|
||
对于Pytest，绿色的点表示测试通过。“F”表示测试失败。
|
||
|
||
<a id="seleniumbase_demo_mode"></a> **使用演示模式来帮助您查看所断言的测试.**
|
||
|
||
如果示例测试运行得太快，您可以在**Demo模式**下运行它，方法是在命令行上添加``--Demo ``，它会在操作之间短暂地暂停浏览器，突出显示正在操作的页面元素，并让您实时了解测试断言的内容::
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest my_first_test.py --demo
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Pytest** 包括测试发现。如果您没有指定要运行的特定文件或文件夹，`` pytest ``将根据以下匹配条件自动搜索要运行的测试的所有子目录:
|
||
Python 文件名应是开头为 ``test_`` 或者以 ``_test.py``结尾.
|
||
Python 方法应以 ``test_``开头.
|
||
Python类名可以是任何东西，因为SeleniumBase的`` BaseCase ``类继承自`` unittest ``的TestCase的类。
|
||
你可以看到哪些测试是由`` pytest ``发现使用::
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest --collect-only -q
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
您可以在脚本中使用以下内容来帮助您调试问题:
|
||
(<i>如果使用pdb，请确保将“-s”添加到命令行选项中，除非已经在pytest.ini中</i>)
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
import time; time.sleep(5) # Makes the test wait and do nothing for 5 seconds.
|
||
import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # Enter debugging mode. n = next, c = continue, s = step.
|
||
import pytest; pytest.set_trace() # Enter debugging mode. n = next, c = continue, s = step.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<b>要暂停抛出异常或错误的活动测试，请添加``--pdb -s ``:</b>
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest my_first_test.py --pdb -s
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面的代码将在出现故障时打开浏览器窗口。(pdb命令:'n'， 'c'， 's' => next, continue, step)。
|
||
|
||
下面是Pytest附带的一些有用的命令行选项:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
-v # Verbose mode. Prints the full name of each test and shows more details.
|
||
-q # Quiet mode. Print fewer details in the console output when running tests.
|
||
-x # Stop running the tests after the first failure is reached.
|
||
--html=report.html # Creates a detailed pytest-html report after tests finish.
|
||
--co | --collect-only # Show what tests would get run. (Without running them)
|
||
--co -q # (Both options together!) - Do a dry run with full test names shown.
|
||
-n=NUM # Multithread the tests using that many threads. (Speed up test runs!)
|
||
-s # See print statements. (Should be on by default with pytest.ini present.)
|
||
--junit-xml=report.xml # Creates a junit-xml report after tests finish.
|
||
--pdb # If a test fails, enter Post Mortem Debug Mode. (Don't use with CI!)
|
||
--trace # Enter Debug Mode at the beginning of each test. (Don't use with CI!)
|
||
-m=MARKER # Run tests with the specified pytest marker.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
SeleniumBase 为测试提供额外的Pytest命令行选项:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
--browser=BROWSER # (The web browser to use. Default: "chrome".)
|
||
--chrome # (Shortcut for "--browser=chrome". On by default.)
|
||
--edge # (Shortcut for "--browser=edge".)
|
||
--firefox # (Shortcut for "--browser=firefox".)
|
||
--safari # (Shortcut for "--browser=safari".)
|
||
--settings-file=FILE # (Override default SeleniumBase settings.)
|
||
--env=ENV # (Set the test env. Access with "self.env" in tests.)
|
||
--account=STR # (Set account. Access with "self.account" in tests.)
|
||
--data=STRING # (Extra test data. Access with "self.data" in tests.)
|
||
--var1=STRING # (Extra test data. Access with "self.var1" in tests.)
|
||
--var2=STRING # (Extra test data. Access with "self.var2" in tests.)
|
||
--var3=STRING # (Extra test data. Access with "self.var3" in tests.)
|
||
--variables=DICT # (Extra test data. Access with "self.variables".)
|
||
--user-data-dir=DIR # (Set the Chrome user data directory to use.)
|
||
--protocol=PROTOCOL # (The Selenium Grid protocol: http|https.)
|
||
--server=SERVER # (The Selenium Grid server/IP used for tests.)
|
||
--port=PORT # (The Selenium Grid port used by the test server.)
|
||
--cap-file=FILE # (The web browser's desired capabilities to use.)
|
||
--cap-string=STRING # (The web browser's desired capabilities to use.)
|
||
--proxy=SERVER:PORT # (Connect to a proxy server:port as tests are running)
|
||
--proxy=USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT # (Use an authenticated proxy server)
|
||
--proxy-bypass-list=STRING # (";"-separated hosts to bypass, Eg "*.foo.com")
|
||
--proxy-pac-url=URL # (Connect to a proxy server using a PAC_URL.pac file.)
|
||
--proxy-pac-url=USERNAME:PASSWORD@URL # (Authenticated proxy with PAC URL.)
|
||
--proxy-driver # (If a driver download is needed, will use: --proxy=PROXY.)
|
||
--multi-proxy # (Allow multiple authenticated proxies when multi-threaded.)
|
||
--agent=STRING # (Modify the web browser's User-Agent string.)
|
||
--mobile # (Use the mobile device emulator while running tests.)
|
||
--metrics=STRING # (Set mobile metrics: "CSSWidth,CSSHeight,PixelRatio".)
|
||
--chromium-arg="ARG=N,ARG2" # (Set Chromium args, ","-separated, no spaces.)
|
||
--firefox-arg="ARG=N,ARG2" # (Set Firefox args, comma-separated, no spaces.)
|
||
--firefox-pref=SET # (Set a Firefox preference:value set, comma-separated.)
|
||
--extension-zip=ZIP # (Load a Chrome Extension .zip|.crx, comma-separated.)
|
||
--extension-dir=DIR # (Load a Chrome Extension directory, comma-separated.)
|
||
--binary-location=PATH # (Set path of the Chromium browser binary to use.)
|
||
--driver-version=VER # (Set the chromedriver or uc_driver version to use.)
|
||
--sjw # (Skip JS Waits for readyState to be "complete" or Angular to load.)
|
||
--pls=PLS # (Set pageLoadStrategy on Chrome: "normal", "eager", or "none".)
|
||
--headless # (Run tests in headless mode. The default arg on Linux OS.)
|
||
--headless2 # (Use the new headless mode, which supports extensions.)
|
||
--headed # (Run tests in headed/GUI mode on Linux OS, where not default.)
|
||
--xvfb # (Run tests using the Xvfb virtual display server on Linux OS.)
|
||
--locale=LOCALE_CODE # (Set the Language Locale Code for the web browser.)
|
||
--interval=SECONDS # (The autoplay interval for presentations & tour steps)
|
||
--start-page=URL # (The starting URL for the web browser when tests begin.)
|
||
--archive-logs # (Archive existing log files instead of deleting them.)
|
||
--archive-downloads # (Archive old downloads instead of deleting them.)
|
||
--time-limit=SECONDS # (Safely fail any test that exceeds the time limit.)
|
||
--slow # (Slow down the automation. Faster than using Demo Mode.)
|
||
--demo # (Slow down and visually see test actions as they occur.)
|
||
--demo-sleep=SECONDS # (Set the wait time after Slow & Demo Mode actions.)
|
||
--highlights=NUM # (Number of highlight animations for Demo Mode actions.)
|
||
--message-duration=SECONDS # (The time length for Messenger alerts.)
|
||
--check-js # (Check for JavaScript errors after page loads.)
|
||
--ad-block # (Block some types of display ads from loading.)
|
||
--block-images # (Block images from loading during tests.)
|
||
--do-not-track # (Indicate to websites that you don't want to be tracked.)
|
||
--verify-delay=SECONDS # (The delay before MasterQA verification checks.)
|
||
--recorder # (Enables the Recorder for turning browser actions into code.)
|
||
--rec-behave # (Same as Recorder Mode, but also generates behave-gherkin.)
|
||
--rec-sleep # (If the Recorder is enabled, also records self.sleep calls.)
|
||
--rec-print # (If the Recorder is enabled, prints output after tests end.)
|
||
--disable-js # (Disable JavaScript on websites. Pages might break!)
|
||
--disable-csp # (Disable the Content Security Policy of websites.)
|
||
--disable-ws # (Disable Web Security on Chromium-based browsers.)
|
||
--enable-ws # (Enable Web Security on Chromium-based browsers.)
|
||
--enable-sync # (Enable "Chrome Sync" on websites.)
|
||
--uc | --undetected # (Use undetected-chromedriver to evade bot-detection.)
|
||
--uc-cdp-events # (Capture CDP events when running in "--undetected" mode.)
|
||
--remote-debug # (Sync to Chrome Remote Debugger chrome://inspect/#devices)
|
||
--final-debug # (Enter Debug Mode after each test ends. Don't use with CI!)
|
||
--dashboard # (Enable the SeleniumBase Dashboard. Saved at: dashboard.html)
|
||
--dash-title=STRING # (Set the title shown for the generated dashboard.)
|
||
--enable-3d-apis # (Enables WebGL and 3D APIs.)
|
||
--swiftshader # (Use Chrome's "--use-gl=swiftshader" feature.)
|
||
--incognito # (Enable Chrome's Incognito mode.)
|
||
--guest # (Enable Chrome's Guest mode.)
|
||
--dark # (Enable Chrome's Dark mode.)
|
||
--devtools # (Open Chrome's DevTools when the browser opens.)
|
||
--rs | --reuse-session # (Reuse browser session for all tests.)
|
||
--rcs | --reuse-class-session # (Reuse session for tests in class.)
|
||
--crumbs # (Delete all cookies between tests reusing a session.)
|
||
--disable-beforeunload # (Disable the "beforeunload" event on Chrome.)
|
||
--window-size=WIDTH,HEIGHT # (Set the browser's starting window size.)
|
||
--maximize # (Start tests with the browser window maximized.)
|
||
--screenshot # (Save a screenshot at the end of each test.)
|
||
--no-screenshot # (No screenshots saved unless tests directly ask it.)
|
||
--visual-baseline # (Set the visual baseline for Visual/Layout tests.)
|
||
--wire # (Use selenium-wire's webdriver for replacing selenium webdriver.)
|
||
--external-pdf # (Set Chromium "plugins.always_open_pdf_externally":True.)
|
||
--timeout-multiplier=MULTIPLIER # (Multiplies the default timeout values.)
|
||
--list-fail-page # (After each failing test, list the URL of the failure.)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(有关详细信息，请参见命令行选项的完整列表 **[点击这里](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/seleniumbase/plugins/pytest_plugin.py)**.)
|
||
|
||
在测试失败期间，最近一次测试运行的日志和屏幕截图将被保存到``latest_logs/``文件夹中。如果在命令行选项中添加——archive_logs，或者在 [settings.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/seleniumbase/config/settings.py)中将``ARCHIVE_EXISTING_LOGS``设置为``True``，那么这些日志将被移动到``archived_logs/``。否则，将在下一次测试运行开始时清理日志文件。``test_suite.py``集合包含故意失败的测试，以便您可以看到日志记录是如何工作的。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cd examples/
|
||
|
||
pytest test_suite.py --browser=chrome
|
||
|
||
pytest test_suite.py --browser=firefox
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
覆盖seleniumbase/config/settings.py的一个简单方法是使用自定义设置文件。下面是要添加到测试中的命令行选项: (See [examples/custom_settings.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/examples/custom_settings.py))
|
||
``--settings_file=custom_settings.py``
|
||
(设置包括默认超时值、双因素auth密钥、DB凭据、S3凭据和测试使用的其他重要设置.)
|
||
|
||
要将额外的数据从命令行传递给测试，添加 ``--data="ANY STRING"``.
|
||
现在在您的测试中，您可以使用 ``self.data`` 来访问。
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 测试目录定制:</h3>
|
||
|
||
用于在SeleniumBase repo之外运行测试 <b>Pytest</b>, 你需要一份 <b>[pytest.ini](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/pytest.ini)</b> 在根目录上。用于在SeleniumBase repo之外运行测试 <b>Nosetests</b>, 你需要拷贝 <b>[setup.cfg](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/setup.cfg)</b> 在根目录上. (子文件夹应该包括一个空白的 "__init__.py" 文件。)这些文件指定测试的默认配置细节。(对于运行nosetest，还可以使用``--config ``指定.cfg文件。示例`` nosetests [MY_TEST].py--config=[MY_CONFIG].cfg `` ')
|
||
|
||
作为一个快捷方式，您可以运行`` seleniumbase mkdir [DIRECTORY_NAME] ``来创建一个新的文件夹，其中已经包含了必要的文件和一些可以运行的示例测试。例子:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
seleniumbase mkdir ui_tests
|
||
cd ui_tests/
|
||
pytest my_first_test.py
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 日志记录/失败测试的结果:</h3>
|
||
|
||
让我们尝试一个失败的测试示例:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
""" test_fail.py """
|
||
from seleniumbase import BaseCase
|
||
|
||
class MyTestClass(BaseCase):
|
||
|
||
def test_find_army_of_robots_on_xkcd_desert_island(self):
|
||
self.open("https://xkcd.com/731/")
|
||
self.assert_element("div#ARMY_OF_ROBOTS", timeout=1) # This should fail
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
你可以运行在``example``文件夹运行:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest test_fail.py
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
您会注意到，创建了一个名为“latest_logs”的日志文件夹来保存有关失败测试的信息和屏幕截图。在测试运行期间，如果您在 [settings.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/seleniumbase/config/settings.py)中将ARCHIVE_EXISTING_LOGS设置为True, 或者如果您使用``--archive-logs ``运行测试，那么过去的结果就会移动到archived_logs文件夹中。如果您选择不归档现有的日志，它们将被删除，并被最新测试运行的日志所取代。
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a id="creating_visual_reports"></a>
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 创建可视化测试套件报告:</h3>
|
||
|
||
(注意:Pytest和nosetest的一些命令行参数是不同的)
|
||
|
||
<h4><b>Pytest 报告:</b></h4>
|
||
|
||
使用 ``--html=report.html`` 在您的测试套件完成后，为您提供指定名称的漂亮报告。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest test_suite.py --html=report.html
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/img/html_report.png" alt="Example Pytest Report" title="Example Pytest Report" width="520" />
|
||
|
||
还可以使用``--junit-xml=report``。获取一个xml报告。Jenkins可以使用这个文件为您的测试显示更好的报告。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest test_suite.py --junit-xml=report.xml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4><b>Nosetest 报告:</b></h4>
|
||
|
||
``--report`` 选项将在测试套件完成后为您提供一个漂亮的报告。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nosetests test_suite.py --report
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/img/nose_report.png" alt="Example Nosetest Report" title="Example Nosetest Report" width="320" />
|
||
|
||
(注意:您可以添加``--show-report ``来在测试套件完成后立即显示Nosetest报告。只在本地运行测试时使用``--show-report ``，因为它会暂停测试运行.)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 使用代理服务器:</h3>
|
||
|
||
如果您希望为您的浏览器测试使用代理服务器(仅适用于Chrome和Firefox)，您可以在命令行上添加``--proxy=IP_ADDRESS:PORT ``作为参数。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest proxy_test.py --proxy=IP_ADDRESS:PORT
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果您希望使用的代理服务器需要身份验证，您可以执行以下操作 (Chrome only):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest proxy_test.py --proxy=USERNAME:PASSWORD@IP_ADDRESS:PORT
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
为了使事情更简单，您可以将您经常使用的代理添加到PROXY_LIST中 [proxy_list.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/seleniumbase/config/proxy_list.py), 然后使用``--proxy=KEY_FROM_PROXY_LIST ``来使用该键的IP_ADDRESS:PORT。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest proxy_test.py --proxy=proxy1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 变更 User-Agent:</h3>
|
||
|
||
如果您希望为您的浏览器测试更改用户代理(仅限Chrome和Firefox)，您可以在命令行上添加``--agent="USER agent STRING" ``作为参数。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest user_agent_test.py --agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Nintendo 3DS; U; ; en) Version/1.7412.EU"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 为网站建设导游服务:</h3>
|
||
|
||
学习更多内容 <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/examples/tour_examples/ReadMe/">SeleniumBase Interactive Walkthroughs</a> (在 ``examples/tour_examples`` 文件). 这对于构建一个在线体验网站的原型非常有用。
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a id="utilizing_advanced_features"></a>
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> Production Environments & Integrations:</h3>
|
||
|
||
下面是为测试设置生产环境时可以做的一些事情:
|
||
|
||
* 您可以启动 [Jenkins](https://jenkins.io/) 为定期运行测试构建服务器. 这是一个真实的Jenkins的headless浏览器自动化的例子, check out the <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/integrations/azure/jenkins/ReadMe/">SeleniumBase Jenkins在Azure上的例子</a> 或者 <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/integrations/google_cloud/ReadMe/">在谷歌云上的SeleniumBase Jenkins例子</a>.
|
||
|
||
* 您可以使用 [the Selenium Grid](https://selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/) 通过在多台机器上并行执行测试来扩展测试. 要做到这一点，请查看 [SeleniumBase selenium_grid folder](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/tree/master/seleniumbase/utilities/selenium_grid), 这应该有你需要的一切，包括 <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/seleniumbase/utilities/selenium_grid/ReadMe/">Selenium Grid ReadMe</a>, 这会帮助你开始.
|
||
|
||
* 如果你用 <a href="https://seleniumbase.io/help_docs/mysql_installation/">SeleniumBase MySQL 特性</a> 保存在服务器机器上运行的测试结果,你需要安装 [MySQL Workbench](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/tools/workbench/) 帮助你从你的数据库更容易地读和写.
|
||
|
||
* 如果你用 [Slack](https://slack.com), 您可以使用 [Jenkins Slack Plugin](https://github.com/jenkinsci/slack-plugin)很容易地让Jenkins jobs在那里显示结果. 另一种将消息从测试发送到Slack的方法是通过 [Slack's Incoming Webhooks API](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks).
|
||
|
||
* 如果您正在使用AWS，您可以设置一个 [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/) 保存来自测试的日志文件和屏幕截图的帐户. 激活此功能, 修改 [settings.py](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/seleniumbase/config/settings.py) 连接细节见S3部分, 添加 "``--with-s3-logging``" 在运行测试时使用命令行.
|
||
|
||
下面是一个启用了附加功能的测试运行示例:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pytest [YOUR_TEST_FILE].py --with-db-reporting --with-s3-logging
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<a id="detailed_method_specifications"></a>
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 详细的方法说明和实例:</h3>
|
||
|
||
<h4>导航到web页面 (使用相关commands)</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.open("https://xkcd.com/378/") # This method opens the specified page.
|
||
|
||
self.go_back() # This method navigates the browser to the previous page.
|
||
|
||
self.go_forward() # This method navigates the browser forward in history.
|
||
|
||
self.refresh_page() # This method reloads the current page.
|
||
|
||
self.get_current_url() # This method returns the current page URL.
|
||
|
||
self.get_page_source() # This method returns the current page source.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<b>ProTip™:</b> 您可能需要使用get_page_source()方法和Python的find()命令来解析源代码，以找到Selenium无法找到的东西。(你可能需要温习一下你的Python编程技能。)
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
source = self.get_page_source()
|
||
head_open_tag = source.find('<head>')
|
||
head_close_tag = source.find('</head>', head_open_tag)
|
||
everything_inside_head = source[head_open_tag+len('<head>'):head_close_tag]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>点击</h4>
|
||
|
||
单击页面上的元素:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.click("div#my_id")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**ProTip™:** 在大多数web浏览器中，您可以右键单击页面并选择`` Inspect Element ``来查看创建您自己的脚本所需的CSS选择器详细信息.
|
||
|
||
<h4>输入文本</h4>
|
||
|
||
self.type(selector, text) # 用指定的值更新来自指定元素的文本。如果元素丢失或文本字段不可编辑，则引发异常。例如:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.type("input#id_value", "2012")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
您也可以使用self.add_text()或WebDriver .send_keys()命令，但是如果文本框中已经有文本，这些命令不会首先清除文本框
|
||
如果您想键入特殊的键，这也很容易。这里有一个例子:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
|
||
self.find_element("textarea").send_keys(Keys.SPACE + Keys.BACK_SPACE + '\n') # The backspace should cancel out the space, leaving you with the newline
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>从页面上的元素获取文本</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
text = self.get_text("header h2")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>从页面上的元素获取属性值</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
attribute = self.get_attribute("#comic img", "title")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>断言页面上某个元素在几秒钟内存在:</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.wait_for_element_present("div.my_class", timeout=10)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(注意: 您也可以使用: ``self.assert_element_present(ELEMENT)``)
|
||
|
||
<h4>在数秒内断言页面上元素的可见性:</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.wait_for_element_visible("a.my_class", timeout=5)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(注意: 这个的简单版本是 ``self.find_element(ELEMENT)`` 和 ``self.assert_element(ELEMENT)``. find_element() version 返回元素)
|
||
|
||
由于上面的行返回元素，您可以将其与.click()组合起来，如下所示:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.find_element("a.my_class", timeout=5).click()
|
||
|
||
# But you're better off using the following statement, which does the same thing:
|
||
|
||
self.click("a.my_class") # DO IT THIS WAY!
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**ProTip™:** 可以使用点来表示类名(例如:`` div.class_name ``)，这是CSS选择器中`` div[class="class_name"] ``的简化版本。
|
||
|
||
你也可以使用 ``*=`` 在CSS选择器中搜索任何部分值，如下所示:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.click('a[name*="partial_name"]')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>在数秒内断言页面上元素内的文本的可见性:</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.assert_text("Make it so!", "div#trek div.picard div.quotes")
|
||
self.assert_text("Tea. Earl Grey. Hot.", "div#trek div.picard div.quotes", timeout=3)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(注意: ``self.find_text(TEXT, ELEMENT)`` 和 ``self.wait_for_text(TEXT, ELEMENT)`` 干了同一件事. 为了向后字兼容性，保留了较旧的方法名，但默认超时可能不同.)
|
||
|
||
<h4>断言 anything</h4>
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.assert_true(myvar1 == something)
|
||
|
||
self.assert_equal(var1, var2)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>有用的条件语句 (with creative examples in action)</h4>
|
||
|
||
is_element_visible(selector) # is an element visible on a page
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
if self.is_element_visible('div#warning'):
|
||
print("Red Alert: Something bad might be happening!")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
is_element_present(selector) # is an element present on a page
|
||
```python
|
||
if self.is_element_present('div#top_secret img.tracking_cookie'):
|
||
self.contact_cookie_monster() # Not a real SeleniumBase method
|
||
else:
|
||
current_url = self.get_current_url()
|
||
self.contact_the_nsa(url=current_url, message="Dark Zone Found") # Not a real SeleniumBase method
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Another example:
|
||
```python
|
||
def is_there_a_cloaked_klingon_ship_on_this_page():
|
||
if self.is_element_present("div.ships div.klingon"):
|
||
return not self.is_element_visible("div.ships div.klingon")
|
||
return False
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
is_text_visible(text, selector) # is text visible on a page
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
def get_mirror_universe_captain_picard_superbowl_ad(superbowl_year):
|
||
selector = "div.superbowl_%s div.commercials div.transcript div.picard" % superbowl_year
|
||
if self.is_text_visible("For the Love of Marketing and Earl Grey Tea!", selector):
|
||
return "Picard HubSpot Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("Delivery Drones... Engage", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Amazon Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("Bing it on Screen!", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Microsoft Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("OK Glass, Make it So!", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Google Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("Number One, I've Never Seen Anything Like It.", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Tesla Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("""With the first link, the chain is forged.
|
||
The first speech censored, the first thought forbidden,
|
||
the first freedom denied, chains us all irrevocably.""", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Wikimedia Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
elif self.is_text_visible("Let us make sure history never forgets the name ... Facebook", selector):
|
||
return "Picard Facebook Superbowl Ad 2015"
|
||
else:
|
||
raise Exception("Reports of my assimilation are greatly exaggerated.")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>切换 tabs</h4>
|
||
|
||
如果您的测试打开了一个新选项卡/窗口，而现在您有多个页面，该怎么办?没有问题。您需要指定当前想要使用哪个Selenium。在选项卡/窗口之间切换很容易:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.switch_to_window(1) # This switches to the new tab (0 is the first one)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**ProTip™:** iFrame遵循与新窗口相同的原则—如果要对其中的某些内容采取操作，需要指定iFrame
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.switch_to_frame('ContentManagerTextBody_ifr')
|
||
# Now you can act inside the iFrame
|
||
# .... Do something cool (here)
|
||
self.switch_to_default_content() # Exit the iFrame when you're done
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<h4>处理 Pop-Up 警告</h4>
|
||
|
||
如果您的测试在浏览器中弹出了一个警告，该怎么办?没有问题。你需要切换到它，要么接受它，要么拒绝它:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.wait_for_and_accept_alert()
|
||
|
||
self.wait_for_and_dismiss_alert()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果您不确定在尝试接受或取消警报之前是否有警报，一种处理方法是将警报处理代码包装在try/except块中。其他方法(如.text和.send_keys())也可以使用警报.
|
||
|
||
<h4>执行定制jQuery脚本:</h4>
|
||
|
||
Query是一个强大的JavaScript库，允许您在web浏览器中执行高级操作。
|
||
如果您所在的web页面已经加载了jQuery，您可以立即开始执行jQuery脚本。
|
||
您应该知道这一点，因为web页面在HTML中会包含如下内容:
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果您想在尚未加载jQuery的页面上使用它，这是可以的。为此，首先运行以下命令:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.activate_jquery()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
许多 websites 存在限制 [Content Security Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP) 防止用户将jQuery和其他外部库加载到自己的网站上。如果您需要在这样的网站上使用jQuery或其他JS库，请在命令行上添加``--disable_csp ``。
|
||
|
||
下面是一些在脚本中使用jQuery的例子:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.execute_script('jQuery, window.scrollTo(0, 600)') # Scrolling the page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('#annoying-widget').hide()") # Hiding elements on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('#hidden-widget').show(0)") # Showing hidden elements on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('#annoying-button a').remove()") # Removing elements on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('%s').mouseover()" % (mouse_over_item)) # Mouse-over elements on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('input#the_id').val('my_text')") # Fast text input on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("jQuery('div#dropdown a.link').click()") # Click elements on a page
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("return jQuery('div#amazing')[0].text") # Returns the css "text" of the element given
|
||
|
||
self.execute_script("return jQuery('textarea')[2].value") # Returns the css "value" of the 3rd textarea element on the page
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在下面的示例中，JavaScript用于在页面上植入代码，然后Selenium可以在此之后访问该页面:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
start_page = "https://xkcd.com/465/"
|
||
destination_page = "https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"
|
||
self.open(start_page)
|
||
referral_link = '''<a class='analytics test' href='%s'>Free-Referral Button!</a>''' % destination_page
|
||
self.execute_script('''document.body.innerHTML = \"%s\"''' % referral_link)
|
||
self.click("a.analytics") # Clicks the generated button
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(由于大众需求,这个流量生成示例已经被嵌入到SeleniumBase中 ``self.generate_referral(start_page, end_page)`` 和 ``self.generate_traffic(start_page, end_page, loops)`` 方法中.)
|
||
|
||
<h4>使用延迟的断言:</h4>
|
||
|
||
假设您想在单个测试中验证web页面上的多个不同元素，但是您不希望在一次验证多个元素之前测试失败，这样您就不必重新运行测试来查找同一页面上的更多缺失元素。这就是延迟断言的用武之地。这里的例子:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
from seleniumbase import BaseCase
|
||
|
||
class MyTestClass(BaseCase):
|
||
|
||
def test_delayed_asserts(self):
|
||
self.open('https://xkcd.com/993/')
|
||
self.wait_for_element('#comic')
|
||
self.delayed_assert_element('img[alt="Brand Identity"]')
|
||
self.delayed_assert_element('img[alt="Rocket Ship"]') # Will Fail
|
||
self.delayed_assert_element('#comicmap')
|
||
self.delayed_assert_text('Fake Item', '#middleContainer') # Will Fail
|
||
self.delayed_assert_text('Random', '#middleContainer')
|
||
self.delayed_assert_element('a[name="Super Fake !!!"]') # Will Fail
|
||
self.process_delayed_asserts()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``delayed_assert_element()`` 和 ``delayed_assert_text()`` 将保存将引发的任何异常。
|
||
要将所有失败的延迟断言清除到单个异常中， 确保在测试方法的末尾调用 ``self.process_delayed_asserts()`` . 如果测试涉及多个页面, 可以在单个页面的所有延迟断言的末尾调用 ``self.process_delayed_asserts()``. 这样，日志文件的屏幕截图就会显示延迟断言的生成位置。
|
||
|
||
<h4>访问原始WebDriver</h4>
|
||
|
||
如果您需要访问标准WebDriver附带的任何命令，您可以像这样直接调用它们:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
self.driver.delete_all_cookies()
|
||
capabilities = self.driver.capabilities
|
||
self.driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text("GitHub")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(通常，您会希望在可用时使用带方法的SeleniumBase版本.)
|
||
|
||
<h4>自动重试失败的测试</h4>
|
||
|
||
你可以使用 ``--reruns NUM`` 来重试失败的用例,次数为 NUM 值. 使用 ``--reruns-delay SECONDS`` 在重试之间等待那么多秒。例子:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
pytest --reruns 5 --reruns-delay 1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
此外，可以使用`` @retry_on_exception() ``装饰器来特别重试失败的方法. (需要 import: ``from seleniumbase import decorators``) 了解更多关于SeleniumBase装饰器的信息, [click here](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/tree/master/seleniumbase/common).
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/sb_icon.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="30" /> 简讯</h3>
|
||
|
||
<b>祝贺您开始使用SeleniumBase!</b>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<div><b>如果你有任何问题，说出来! 并联系我们</b></div>
|
||
<div><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed-raw/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.svg?color=22BB88" title="Closed Issues" /></a> <a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.svg?logo=github&logoColor=white&color=22BB99" title="Closed Pull Requests" /></a></div>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<div><b>如果你喜欢这个项目,请给个❤(stars)吧!</b></div>
|
||
<div><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/stargazers"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/seleniumbase/seleniumbase.svg?color=888CFA" title="Stargazers" /></a></div>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><div><a href="https://github.com/mdmintz">https://github.com/mdmintz</a></div></p>
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/cdn/img/super_logo_sb.png" title="SeleniumBase" width="290" /></a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-22BBCC.svg" title="SeleniumBase" /></a> <a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/releases"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/seleniumbase/seleniumbase.svg" title="SeleniumBase" alt="Repo Size" /></a> <a href="https://gitter.im/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://badges.gitter.im/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.svg" title="SeleniumBase" alt="Join the chat!" /></a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/tested%20with-SeleniumBase-04C38E.svg" alt="Tested with SeleniumBase" /></a> <a href="https://seleniumbase.io">
|
||
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-%20%20SeleniumBase.io-11BBDD.svg" alt="SeleniumBase.io Docs" /></a></div>
|
||
|
||
<p><div><span><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/social/share_github.svg" title="SeleniumBase on GitHub" alt="SeleniumBase on GitHub" width="56" /></a></span>
|
||
<span><a href="https://gitter.im/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/social/share_gitter.svg" title="SeleniumBase on Gitter" alt="SeleniumBase on Gitter" width="44" /></a></span>
|
||
<span><a href="https://twitter.com/seleniumbase"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/social/share_twitter.svg" title="SeleniumBase on Twitter" alt="SeleniumBase on Twitter" width="60" /></a></span>
|
||
<span><a href="https://instagram.com/seleniumbase"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/social/share_instagram.svg" title="SeleniumBase on Instagram" alt="SeleniumBase on Instagram" width="52" /></a></span>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/SeleniumBase"><img src="https://seleniumbase.github.io/img/social/share_facebook.svg" title="SeleniumBase on Facebook" alt="SeleniumBase on Facebook" width="56" /></a></span></div></p>
|