qiskit/test/python/quantum_info/operators/channel/test_stinespring.py

447 lines
17 KiB
Python

# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2017, 2019.
#
# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""Tests for Stinespring quantum channel representation class."""
import copy
import unittest
import numpy as np
from numpy.testing import assert_allclose
from qiskit import QiskitError
from qiskit.quantum_info.states import DensityMatrix
from qiskit.quantum_info import Stinespring, Operator
from .channel_test_case import ChannelTestCase
class TestStinespring(ChannelTestCase):
"""Tests for Stinespring channel representation."""
def test_init(self):
"""Test initialization"""
# Initialize from unitary
chan = Stinespring(self.UI)
assert_allclose(chan.data, self.UI)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(chan.num_qubits, 1)
# Initialize from Stinespring
chan = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.5))
assert_allclose(chan.data, self.depol_stine(0.5))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(chan.num_qubits, 1)
# Initialize from Non-CPTP
stine_l, stine_r = self.rand_matrix(4, 2), self.rand_matrix(4, 2)
chan = Stinespring((stine_l, stine_r))
assert_allclose(chan.data, (stine_l, stine_r))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(chan.num_qubits, 1)
# Initialize with redundant second op
chan = Stinespring((stine_l, stine_l))
assert_allclose(chan.data, stine_l)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(chan.num_qubits, 1)
# Wrong input or output dims should raise exception
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, Stinespring, stine_l, input_dims=4, output_dims=4)
def test_circuit_init(self):
"""Test initialization from a circuit."""
circuit, target = self.simple_circuit_no_measure()
op = Stinespring(circuit)
target = Stinespring(target)
# If the Stinespring is CPTP (and it should be), it's defined in terms of a single
# rectangular operator, which has global-phase gauge freedom.
self.assertTrue(op.is_cptp())
self.assertTrue(Operator(op.data).equiv(Operator(target.data)))
def test_circuit_init_except(self):
"""Test initialization from circuit with measure raises exception."""
circuit = self.simple_circuit_with_measure()
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, Stinespring, circuit)
def test_equal(self):
"""Test __eq__ method"""
stine = tuple(self.rand_matrix(4, 2) for _ in range(2))
self.assertEqual(Stinespring(stine), Stinespring(stine))
def test_copy(self):
"""Test copy method"""
mat = np.eye(4)
with self.subTest("Deep copy"):
orig = Stinespring(mat)
cpy = orig.copy()
cpy._data[0][0, 0] = 0.0
self.assertFalse(cpy == orig)
with self.subTest("Shallow copy"):
orig = Stinespring(mat)
clone = copy.copy(orig)
clone._data[0][0, 0] = 0.0
self.assertTrue(clone == orig)
def test_clone(self):
"""Test clone method"""
mat = np.eye(4)
orig = Stinespring(mat)
clone = copy.copy(orig)
clone._data[0][0, 0] = 0.0
self.assertTrue(clone == orig)
def test_is_cptp(self):
"""Test is_cptp method."""
self.assertTrue(Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.5)).is_cptp())
self.assertTrue(Stinespring(self.UX).is_cptp())
# Non-CP
stine_l, stine_r = self.rand_matrix(4, 2), self.rand_matrix(4, 2)
self.assertFalse(Stinespring((stine_l, stine_r)).is_cptp())
self.assertFalse(Stinespring(self.UI + self.UX).is_cptp())
def test_conjugate(self):
"""Test conjugate method."""
stine_l, stine_r = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(16, 2)
# Single Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring(stine_l.conj(), output_dims=4)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine_l, output_dims=4)
chan = chan1.conjugate()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 4))
# Double Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring((stine_l.conj(), stine_r.conj()), output_dims=4)
chan1 = Stinespring((stine_l, stine_r), output_dims=4)
chan = chan1.conjugate()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 4))
def test_transpose(self):
"""Test transpose method."""
stine_l, stine_r = self.rand_matrix(4, 2), self.rand_matrix(4, 2)
# Single square Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring(stine_l.T, 4, 2)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine_l, 2, 4)
chan = chan1.transpose()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 2))
# Double square Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring((stine_l.T, stine_r.T), 4, 2)
chan1 = Stinespring((stine_l, stine_r), 2, 4)
chan = chan1.transpose()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 2))
def test_adjoint(self):
"""Test adjoint method."""
stine_l, stine_r = self.rand_matrix(4, 2), self.rand_matrix(4, 2)
# Single square Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring(stine_l.T.conj(), 4, 2)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine_l, 2, 4)
chan = chan1.adjoint()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 2))
# Double square Stinespring list
targ = Stinespring((stine_l.T.conj(), stine_r.T.conj()), 4, 2)
chan1 = Stinespring((stine_l, stine_r), 2, 4)
chan = chan1.adjoint()
self.assertEqual(chan, targ)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 2))
def test_compose_except(self):
"""Test compose different dimension exception"""
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, Stinespring(np.eye(2)).compose, Stinespring(np.eye(4)))
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, Stinespring(np.eye(2)).compose, 2)
def test_compose(self):
"""Test compose method."""
# Random input test state
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
# UnitaryChannel evolution
chan1 = Stinespring(self.UX)
chan2 = Stinespring(self.UY)
chan = chan1.compose(chan2)
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.UZ)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# 50% depolarizing channel
chan1 = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.5))
chan = chan1.compose(chan1)
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.75))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Compose different dimensions
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(8, 4)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
chan2 = Stinespring(stine2, input_dims=4, output_dims=2)
rho_targ = rho_init & chan1 & chan2
chan = chan1.compose(chan2)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
chan = chan1 & chan2
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_dot(self):
"""Test deprecated front compose method."""
# Random input test state
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
# UnitaryChannel evolution
chan1 = Stinespring(self.UX)
chan2 = Stinespring(self.UY)
rho_targ = rho_init.evolve(Stinespring(self.UZ))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan1.dot(chan2)), rho_targ)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan1 @ chan2), rho_targ)
# 50% depolarizing channel
chan1 = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.5))
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.75))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan1.dot(chan1)), rho_targ)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan1 @ chan1), rho_targ)
# Compose different dimensions
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(8, 4)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
chan2 = Stinespring(stine2, input_dims=4, output_dims=2)
rho_targ = rho_init & chan1 & chan2
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan2.dot(chan1)), rho_targ)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan2 @ chan1), rho_targ)
def test_compose_front(self):
"""Test deprecated front compose method."""
# Random input test state
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
# UnitaryChannel evolution
chan1 = Stinespring(self.UX)
chan2 = Stinespring(self.UY)
chan = chan1.compose(chan2, front=True)
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.UZ)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# 50% depolarizing channel
chan1 = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.5))
chan = chan1.compose(chan1, front=True)
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.depol_stine(0.75))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Compose different dimensions
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(8, 4)
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
chan2 = Stinespring(stine2, input_dims=4, output_dims=2)
rho_targ = rho_init & chan1 & chan2
chan = chan2.compose(chan1, front=True)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (2, 2))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_expand(self):
"""Test expand method."""
rho0, rho1 = np.diag([1, 0]), np.diag([0, 1])
rho_init = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho0, rho0))
chan1 = Stinespring(self.UI)
chan2 = Stinespring(self.UX)
# X \otimes I
chan = chan1.expand(chan2)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho1, rho0))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# I \otimes X
chan = chan2.expand(chan1)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho0, rho1))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Completely depolarizing
chan_dep = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1))
chan = chan_dep.expand(chan_dep)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.diag([1, 1, 1, 1]) / 4)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_tensor(self):
"""Test tensor method."""
rho0, rho1 = np.diag([1, 0]), np.diag([0, 1])
rho_init = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho0, rho0))
chan1 = Stinespring(self.UI)
chan2 = Stinespring(self.UX)
# X \otimes I
chan = chan2.tensor(chan1)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho1, rho0))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# I \otimes X
chan = chan1.tensor(chan2)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.kron(rho0, rho1))
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Completely depolarizing
chan_dep = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1))
chan = chan_dep.tensor(chan_dep)
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.diag([1, 1, 1, 1]) / 4)
self.assertEqual(chan.dim, (4, 4))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_power(self):
"""Test power method."""
# 10% depolarizing channel
rho_init = DensityMatrix(np.diag([1, 0]))
p_id = 0.9
chan1 = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1 - p_id))
# Compose 3 times
p_id3 = p_id**3
chan = chan1.power(3)
rho_targ = rho_init & chan1 & chan1 & chan1
self.assertEqual(rho_init & chan, rho_targ)
rho_targ = rho_init & Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1 - p_id3))
self.assertEqual(rho_init & chan, rho_targ)
def test_add(self):
"""Test add method."""
# Random input test state
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(16, 2)
# Random Single-Stinespring maps
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
chan2 = Stinespring(stine2, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
rho_targ = (rho_init & chan1) + (rho_init & chan2)
chan = chan1._add(chan2)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
chan = chan1 + chan2
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Random Single-Stinespring maps
chan = Stinespring((stine1, stine2))
rho_targ = 2 * (rho_init & chan)
chan = chan._add(chan)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_subtract(self):
"""Test subtract method."""
# Random input test state
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(16, 2)
# Random Single-Stinespring maps
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
chan2 = Stinespring(stine2, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
rho_targ = (rho_init & chan1) - (rho_init & chan2)
chan = chan1 - chan2
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Random Single-Stinespring maps
chan = Stinespring((stine1, stine2))
rho_targ = 0 * (rho_init & chan)
chan = chan - chan
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_add_qargs(self):
"""Test add method with qargs."""
rho = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(8))
stine = self.rand_matrix(32, 8)
stine0 = self.rand_matrix(8, 2)
op = Stinespring(stine)
op0 = Stinespring(stine0)
eye = Stinespring(self.UI)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[0]"):
value = op + op0([0])
target = op + eye.tensor(eye).tensor(op0)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[1]"):
value = op + op0([1])
target = op + eye.tensor(op0).tensor(eye)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[2]"):
value = op + op0([2])
target = op + op0.tensor(eye).tensor(eye)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
def test_sub_qargs(self):
"""Test sub method with qargs."""
rho = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(8))
stine = self.rand_matrix(32, 8)
stine0 = self.rand_matrix(8, 2)
op = Stinespring(stine)
op0 = Stinespring(stine0)
eye = Stinespring(self.UI)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[0]"):
value = op - op0([0])
target = op - eye.tensor(eye).tensor(op0)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[1]"):
value = op - op0([1])
target = op - eye.tensor(op0).tensor(eye)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
with self.subTest(msg="qargs=[2]"):
value = op - op0([2])
target = op - op0.tensor(eye).tensor(eye)
self.assertEqual(rho & value, rho & target)
def test_multiply(self):
"""Test multiply method."""
# Random initial state and Stinespring ops
rho_init = DensityMatrix(self.rand_rho(2))
val = 0.5
stine1, stine2 = self.rand_matrix(16, 2), self.rand_matrix(16, 2)
# Single Stinespring set
chan1 = Stinespring(stine1, input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
rho_targ = val * (rho_init & chan1)
chan = chan1._multiply(val)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
chan = val * chan1
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
rho_targ = (rho_init & chan1) * val
chan = chan1 * val
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
# Double Stinespring set
chan2 = Stinespring((stine1, stine2), input_dims=2, output_dims=4)
rho_targ = val * (rho_init & chan2)
chan = chan2._multiply(val)
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
chan = val * chan2
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
def test_multiply_except(self):
"""Test multiply method raises exceptions."""
chan = Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1))
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, chan._multiply, "s")
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, chan.__rmul__, "s")
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, chan._multiply, chan)
self.assertRaises(QiskitError, chan.__rmul__, chan)
def test_negate(self):
"""Test negate method"""
rho_init = DensityMatrix(np.diag([1, 0]))
rho_targ = DensityMatrix(np.diag([-0.5, -0.5]))
chan = -Stinespring(self.depol_stine(1))
self.assertEqual(rho_init.evolve(chan), rho_targ)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()