Add a mailmap to qiskit-terra (#2666)

This adds a mailmap for qiskit terra in order to merge multiple commit identities into a single author and to choose a canonical name/email for the authors suitable for the attribution scripts to use for generating the AUTHORS file, bibtex file, and zenodo authorship metadata. I did a small amount of work and figured out full names for a few authors who used opaque github ids. I didn't do too much detective work to unmask the last few in case they are trying to be anonymous on purpose.

This resolves the terra piece of Qiskit/qiskit#229

I preferred the noreply.github email if one was present and failing that preferred an IBM email over any other.

Without this PR git-shortlog thinks there are 146 unique authors. After this PR merges duplicates, it shows 105 unique authors. This is 5 fewer than the "100 contributors" quoted on the github webpage because of:

1. 2 authors who have commits but seem to have no github account: Vojtech Havlicek, Christian Claus
2. 3 authors who have a github account but have committed using an email address not attached with that account: @jerrymchow @Trabing @mryu1

* Initial mailmap

* Update mailmap

* Tweak mailmap and add help comments

* Update .mailmap

* Update mailmap from contributor comments

* Add @nkanazawa1989 to mailmap

* Update .mailmap

* Add @sathayen full name from PR comments

* Add comment about mailmaps for other elements. Narrow match for local addresses

* Mailmap consistency with qiskit/qiskit

* Add @gadial name from ignis mailmap

The ignis mailmap file [1] included the full name for @gadial. This
commit just propogates that over to terra too.

[1] https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ignis/blob/master/.mailmap

* Mailmap add entries to fix Co-Authored-By lines

.mailmap

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Entries in this file are made for two reasons:
+# 1) to merge multiple git commit authors that correspond to a single author
+# 2) to change the canonical name and/or email address of an author.
+#
+# Format is:
+#     Canonical Name <Canonical@email> commit name <commit@email>
+#     \--------------+---------------/ \----------+-------------/
+#                 replace                       find
+# See also: 'git shortlog --help' and 'git check-mailmap --help'.
+#
+# If you don't like the way your name is cited by qiskit, please feel free to
+# open a pull request against this file to set your preferred naming.
+#
+# Note that each qiskit element uses its own mailmap so it may be necessary to
+# propagate changes in other repos for consistency.
+#
+Abdón Rodríguez Davila <a@abdonrd.com> <a@abdonrd.com>
+Abigail J. Cross <across@us.ibm.com>
+Albert Frisch <albert.frisch@de.ibm.com>
+Albert Frisch <albert.frisch@de.ibm.com> <alfr@de.ibm.com>
+Ali Javadi-Abhari <ali.javadi@ibm.com> <ajavadia@users.noreply.github.com>
+Ali Javadi-Abhari <ali.javadi@ibm.com> <ajavadia@princeton.edu>
+Andrew W. Cross <awcross@us.ibm.com>
+Andrew W. Cross <awcross@us.ibm.com> Andrew Cross <awcross@Andrews-MacBook-Pro.local>
+Andrew W. Cross <awcross@us.ibm.com> Andrew Cross <awcross@andrews-mbp.watson.ibm.com>
+Anna Phan <9410731+attp@users.noreply.github.com> <anna.phan@au1.ibm.com> 
+Antonio D. Córcoles-Gonzales <adcorcol@us.ibm.com>
+Antonio Mezzacapo <30698465+antoniomezzacapo@users.noreply.github.com> <amezzac@us.ibm.com>
+Carmen Recio Valcarce <car_rv@outlook.es> <49230820+carmenrv@users.noreply.github.com>
+Chris Culver <chris.cb.culver@gmail.com>
+Christian Claus <cclauss@bluewin.ch>
+Christophe Vuillot <c.vuillot@tudelft.nl>
+Christopher J. Wood <cjwood@us.ibm.com>
+Daniel Egger <38065505+eggerdj@users.noreply.github.com>
+Diego M. Rodríguez <diego.plan9@gmail.com>
+Erick Winston <ewinston@us.ibm.com>
+Fran Cabrera <francabrera@users.noreply.github.com> <fcabrera@us.ibm.com> 
+Fran Cabrera <francabrera@users.noreply.github.com> Fran Cabrera <francabrera@Frans-MacBook-Pro.local>
+Gadi Aleksandrowicz <gadial@gmail.com>
+Ismael Faro Sertage <ismael.faro1@ibm.com> <ismael.faro.sertage@gmail.com>
+Ismael Faro Sertage <ismael.faro1@ibm.com> <ismael.faro1@ibm.com>
+Ismail Yunus Akhalwaya <ismaila@za.ibm.com>
+Ismail Yunus Akhalwaya <ismaila@za.ibm.com> <30803146+ismaila-at-za-ibm@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jack J. Woehr <4604036+jwoehr@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jay M. Gambetta <jay.gambetta@us.ibm.com>
+Jerry M. Chow <chowmj@us.ibm.com>
+Jesús Pérez <jesusper@us.ibm.com> <jesusprubio@gmail.com>
+Jonathan A. Wildstrom <34069155+jwildstr-ibm@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jonathan A. Wildstrom <34069155+jwildstr-ibm@users.noreply.github.com> <jwildstr@us.ibm.com>
+Jorge Carballo <carballo@us.ibm.com> <jelcaf@gmail.com>
+Juan Cruz-Benito <juan.cruz@ibm.com>
+Juan Gomez-Mosquera <atilag@gmail.com>
+Juan Gomez-Mosquera <atilag@gmail.com> <Juan.Gomez1@ibm.com>
+Kevin Krsulich <kevin.krsulich@ibm.com> <kevin@krsulich.net>
+Lev S. Bishop <18673315+levbishop@users.noreply.github.com>
+Luciano Bello <luciano.bello@ibm.com> <lbello@gmail.com>
+Luciano Bello <luciano.bello@ibm.com> <luciano.bello@ibm.com>
+Luciano Bello <luciano.bello@ibm.com> <luciano@debian.org>
+Maddy Tod <40489777+maddy-tod@users.noreply.github.com>
+Marco Pistoia <pistoia@us.ibm.com> <mpistoia@gmail.com>
+Martin Sandberg <martinos@us.ibm.com>
+Mathieu Tillet <50137038+mtillet@users.noreply.github.com>
+Matthew Treinish <mtreinish@kortar.org>
+Matt Stypulkoski <50181769+Matt-Stypulkoski@users.noreply.github.com>
+Max Reuter <Max.Reuter@ibm.com>
+Naoki Kanazawa <39517270+nkanazawa1989@users.noreply.github.com>
+Paul Nation <nonhermitian@gmail.com>
+Peng Liu <34400304+liupibm@users.noreply.github.com>
+Pradeep Niroula <niroulapradeep@gmail.com> <npdeep@users.noreply.github.com>
+Prakash Murali <prakashmurali@gmail.com>
+Rafal Wieczorek <kenorb@users.noreply.github.com>
+Raphaël Lambert <49641842+rfclambert@users.noreply.github.com>
+Rudy Raymond <rudyhar@jp.ibm.com> <rudyhar@jp.ibm.com>
+Salvador de la Puente González <neo.salvador@gmail.com> <salva@unoyunodiez.com>
+Ninad Sathaye <sathayen@users.noreply.github.com>
+Thomas Alexander <talexander@ibm.com> <thomasalexander2718@gmail.com>
+Toshinari Itoko <itoko@jp.ibm.com>
+Yael Ben-Haim <yaelbh@il.ibm.com>