qiskit-documentation/docs/guides/execute-on-hardware.mdx

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---
title: Execute on target hardware
description: Run circuits on hardware and return output from a quantum computer.
---
# Execute on target hardware
![All Qiskit pattern steps are shown (Map problem, Optimize for hardware, Execute on hardware, and Post-process results), with 'Execute on hardware' emphasized. Executing on hardware uses only the Qiskit Runtime service.](/images/qiskit-patterns/execute.svg)
The "execute on hardware" step of a Qiskit pattern involves running your circuits on hardware
and produces the outputs of the quantum computation. The ISA circuits produced in
the previous step can be executed using either a Sampler or Estimator primitive from
Qiskit Runtime, initialized locally on your computer or from a cluster or other
heterogeneous compute environment. These can be executed in a Batch, which allows
parallel transpilation for classical computational efficiency - or a Session,
which allows iterative tasks to be implemented efficiently without queuing delays.
During this step, there is also the option to configure certain error suppression and
mitigation techniques provided by Qiskit Runtime.
Depending on whether you are using the Sampler or Estimator primitive, the outcome of this step
will be different. If using the Sampler, the output will be per-shot measurements
in the form of bitstrings. If using the Estimator, the output will be
expectation values of observables corresponding to physical quantities or cost functions.
## Guides for executing on hardware
### Run with primitives
* [Introduction to primitives](./primitives)
* [Get started with primitives](./get-started-with-primitives)
* [PUBs and primitive results](./primitive-input-output)
* [Primitives examples](./primitives-examples)
* [Primitives with REST API](./primitives-rest-api)
* [Noise learning helper](./noise-learning)
### Configure runtime options
* [Overview](./runtime-options-overview)
* [Specify options](./specify-runtime-options)
* [Configure error suppression](./configure-error-suppression)
* [Configure error mitigation](./configure-error-mitigation)
* [Error mitigation and suppression techniques](./error-mitigation-and-suppression-techniques)
### Execution modes
* [Introduction to execution modes](./execution-modes)
* [Introduction to sessions](./sessions)
* [Run jobs in a session](./run-jobs-session)
* [Run jobs in a batch](./run-jobs-batch)
* [Fixed and dynamic repetition rate execution](./repetition-rate-execution)
* [Execution modes using REST API](./execution-modes-rest-api)
* [Execution modes FAQs](./execution-modes-faq)
### Manage jobs
* [Monitor or cancel a job](./monitor-job)
* [Estimate job run time](./estimate-job-run-time)
* [Minimize job run time](./minimize-time)
* [Maximum execution time](./max-execution-time)
* [Job limits](./job-limits)
### QPU and platform information
* [Processor types](./processor-types)
* [QPU information](./qpu-information)
* [Get QPU information with Qiskit](./get-qpu-information)
* [Native gates and operations](./native-gates)
* [Retired QPUs](./retired-qpus)
* [Hardware considerations and limitations for classical feedforward and control flow](./dynamic-circuits-considerations)
* [Instances](./instances)
* [Fair-share scheduler](./fair-share-scheduler)
* [Manage cost](./manage-cost)