Add support for setting the window frame color (#15441)

Add support for `$theme.window.frame`, `.unfocusedFrame`, and `.rainbowFrame`. The first two accept a `ThemeColor` to set the window frame, using [`DwmSetWindowAttribute`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/nf-dwmapi-dwmsetwindowattribute) with [`DWMWA_BORDER_COLOR`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/ne-dwmapi-dwmwindowattribute). `rainbowFrame` accepts a `bool`. When enabled, it'll cycle the color of the frame through all the hues, ala [this gif](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/18356694/164307822-e4267965-2ce0-4294-8499-59c3ba7edbae.gif) (but, constantly, instead of just when the window moves). 

This only works on Windows 11.

## Validation Steps Performed
* Works on Windows 11
* Doesn't explode on Windows 10

## PR Checklist
- [x] Closes #12950
- See also #3327
- [x] Schema updated (if necessary)


### other details

There's probably some impact to perf with `rainbowFrame`. It's one `DispatcherTimer` per window. That could probably be optimized somehow to like, one per process, but meh?

doc/cascadia/profiles.schema.json

@@ -1813,6 +1813,19 @@
           "description": "True if the Terminal should use a Mica backdrop for the window. This will apply underneath all controls (including the terminal panes and the titlebar)",
           "type": "boolean",
           "default": false
+        },
+        "experimental.rainbowFrame": {
+          "description": "When enabled, the frame of the window will cycle through all the colors. Enabling this will override the `frame` and `unfocusedFrame` settings.",
+          "type": "boolean",
+          "default": false
+        },
+        "frame": {
+          "description": "The color of the window frame when the window is inactive. This only works on Windows 11",
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/ThemeColor"
+        },
+        "unfocusedFrame": {
+          "description": "The color of the window frame when the window is inactive. This only works on Windows 11",
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/ThemeColor"
         }
       }
     },

src/cascadia/TerminalApp/TerminalPage.cpp

@@ -4434,6 +4434,16 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
 
         til::color bgColor = backgroundSolidBrush.Color();
 
+        Media::Brush terminalBrush{ nullptr };
+        if (const auto& control{ _GetActiveControl() })
+        {
+            terminalBrush = control.BackgroundBrush();
+        }
+        else if (const auto& settingsTab{ _GetFocusedTab().try_as<TerminalApp::SettingsTab>() })
+        {
+            terminalBrush = settingsTab.Content().try_as<Settings::Editor::MainPage>().BackgroundBrush();
+        }
+
         if (_settings.GlobalSettings().UseAcrylicInTabRow())
         {
             const auto acrylicBrush = Media::AcrylicBrush();
@@ -4448,18 +4458,6 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
                                                                theme.TabRow().UnfocusedBackground()) :
                                                  ThemeColor{ nullptr } })
         {
-            const auto terminalBrush = [this]() -> Media::Brush {
-                if (const auto& control{ _GetActiveControl() })
-                {
-                    return control.BackgroundBrush();
-                }
-                else if (auto settingsTab = _GetFocusedTab().try_as<TerminalApp::SettingsTab>())
-                {
-                    return settingsTab.Content().try_as<Settings::Editor::MainPage>().BackgroundBrush();
-                }
-                return nullptr;
-            }();
-
             const auto themeBrush{ tabRowBg.Evaluate(res, terminalBrush, true) };
             bgColor = ThemeColor::ColorFromBrush(themeBrush);
             TitlebarBrush(themeBrush);
@@ -4489,11 +4487,27 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
                 tabImpl->ThemeColor(tabBackground, tabUnfocusedBackground, bgColor);
             }
         }
-
         // Update the new tab button to have better contrast with the new color.
         // In theory, it would be convenient to also change these for the
         // inactive tabs as well, but we're leaving that as a follow up.
         _SetNewTabButtonColor(bgColor, bgColor);
+
+        // Third: the window frame. This is basically the same logic as the tab row background.
+        // We'll set our `FrameBrush` property, for the window to later use.
+        const auto windowTheme{ theme.Window() };
+        if (auto windowFrame{ windowTheme ? (_activated ? windowTheme.Frame() :
+                                                          windowTheme.UnfocusedFrame()) :
+                                            ThemeColor{ nullptr } })
+        {
+            const auto themeBrush{ windowFrame.Evaluate(res, terminalBrush, true) };
+            FrameBrush(themeBrush);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Nothing was set in the theme - fall back to null. The window will
+            // use that as an indication to use the default window frame.
+            FrameBrush(nullptr);
+        }
     }
 
     // Function Description:

src/cascadia/TerminalApp/TerminalPage.h

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
         TYPED_EVENT(RequestReceiveContent, Windows::Foundation::IInspectable, winrt::TerminalApp::RequestReceiveContentArgs);
 
         WINRT_OBSERVABLE_PROPERTY(winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush, TitlebarBrush, _PropertyChangedHandlers, nullptr);
+        WINRT_OBSERVABLE_PROPERTY(winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush, FrameBrush, _PropertyChangedHandlers, nullptr);
 
     private:
         friend struct TerminalPageT<TerminalPage>; // for Xaml to bind events

src/cascadia/TerminalApp/TerminalWindow.cpp

@@ -944,12 +944,13 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
 
     winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush TerminalWindow::TitlebarBrush()
     {
-        if (_root)
-        {
-            return _root->TitlebarBrush();
-        }
-        return { nullptr };
+        return _root ? _root->TitlebarBrush() : nullptr;
     }
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush TerminalWindow::FrameBrush()
+    {
+        return _root ? _root->FrameBrush() : nullptr;
+    }
+
     void TerminalWindow::WindowActivated(const bool activated)
     {
         if (_root)

src/cascadia/TerminalApp/TerminalWindow.h

@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ namespace winrt::TerminalApp::implementation
 
         winrt::TerminalApp::TaskbarState TaskbarState();
         winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush TitlebarBrush();
+        winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::Media::Brush FrameBrush();
         void WindowActivated(const bool activated);
 
         bool GetMinimizeToNotificationArea();

src/cascadia/TerminalApp/TerminalWindow.idl

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ namespace TerminalApp
 
         TaskbarState TaskbarState{ get; };
         Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Brush TitlebarBrush { get; };
+        Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Brush FrameBrush { get; };
         void WindowActivated(Boolean activated);
 
         String GetWindowLayoutJson(Microsoft.Terminal.Settings.Model.LaunchPosition position);

src/cascadia/TerminalSettingsModel/MTSMSettings.h

@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ Author(s):
 
 #define MTSM_THEME_WINDOW_SETTINGS(X)                                                                                              \
     X(winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::ElementTheme, RequestedTheme, "applicationTheme", winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::ElementTheme::Default) \
+    X(winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Settings::Model::ThemeColor, Frame, "frame", nullptr)                                            \
+    X(winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Settings::Model::ThemeColor, UnfocusedFrame, "unfocusedFrame", nullptr)                          \
+    X(bool, RainbowFrame, "experimental.rainbowFrame", false)                                                                      \
     X(bool, UseMica, "useMica", false)
 
 #define MTSM_THEME_TABROW_SETTINGS(X)                                                             \

src/cascadia/TerminalSettingsModel/Theme.idl

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Terminal.Settings.Model
     runtimeclass WindowTheme {
         Windows.UI.Xaml.ElementTheme RequestedTheme { get; };
         Boolean UseMica { get; };
+        Boolean RainbowFrame { get; };
+        ThemeColor Frame { get; };
+        ThemeColor UnfocusedFrame { get; };
     }
 
     runtimeclass TabRowTheme {

src/cascadia/WindowsTerminal/AppHost.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 // "If the high-order bit is 1, the key is down; otherwise, it is up."
 static constexpr short KeyPressed{ gsl::narrow_cast<short>(0x8000) };
 
+constexpr const auto FrameUpdateInterval = std::chrono::milliseconds(16);
+
 AppHost::AppHost(const winrt::TerminalApp::AppLogic& logic,
                  winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Remoting::WindowRequestedArgs args,
                  const Remoting::WindowManager& manager,
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ AppHost::AppHost(const winrt::TerminalApp::AppLogic& logic,
     _peasant{ peasant },
     _desktopManager{ winrt::try_create_instance<IVirtualDesktopManager>(__uuidof(VirtualDesktopManager)) }
 {
+    _started = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
     _HandleCommandlineArgs(args);
 
     _HandleSessionRestore(!args.Content().empty());
@@ -419,6 +423,10 @@ void AppHost::Close()
     // After calling _window->Close() we should avoid creating more WinUI related actions.
     // I suspect WinUI wouldn't like that very much. As such unregister all event handlers first.
     _revokers = {};
+    if (_frameTimer)
+    {
+        _frameTimer.Tick(_frameTimerToken);
+    }
     _showHideWindowThrottler.reset();
     _window->Close();
 
@@ -1036,24 +1044,138 @@ static bool _isActuallyDarkTheme(const auto requestedTheme)
     }
 }
 
+// DwmSetWindowAttribute(... DWMWA_BORDER_COLOR.. ) doesn't work on Windows 10,
+// but it _will_ spew to the debug console. This helper just no-ops the call on
+// Windows 10, so that we don't even get that spew
+void _frameColorHelper(const HWND h, const COLORREF color)
+{
+    static const bool isWindows11 = []() {
+        OSVERSIONINFOEXW osver{};
+        osver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(osver);
+        osver.dwBuildNumber = 22000;
+
+        DWORDLONG dwlConditionMask = 0;
+        VER_SET_CONDITION(dwlConditionMask, VER_BUILDNUMBER, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);
+
+        if (VerifyVersionInfoW(&osver, VER_BUILDNUMBER, dwlConditionMask) != FALSE)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }();
+
+    if (isWindows11)
+    {
+        LOG_IF_FAILED(DwmSetWindowAttribute(h, DWMWA_BORDER_COLOR, &color, sizeof(color)));
+    }
+}
+
 void AppHost::_updateTheme()
 {
     auto theme = _appLogic.Theme();
 
     _window->OnApplicationThemeChanged(theme.RequestedTheme());
 
+    const auto windowTheme{ theme.Window() };
+
     const auto b = _windowLogic.TitlebarBrush();
     const auto color = ThemeColor::ColorFromBrush(b);
     const auto colorOpacity = b ? color.A / 255.0 : 0.0;
     const auto brushOpacity = _opacityFromBrush(b);
     const auto opacity = std::min(colorOpacity, brushOpacity);
-    _window->UseMica(theme.Window() ? theme.Window().UseMica() : false, opacity);
+    _window->UseMica(windowTheme ? windowTheme.UseMica() : false, opacity);
 
     // This is a hack to make the window borders dark instead of light.
     // It must be done before WM_NCPAINT so that the borders are rendered with
     // the correct theme.
     // For more information, see GH#6620.
     LOG_IF_FAILED(TerminalTrySetDarkTheme(_window->GetHandle(), _isActuallyDarkTheme(theme.RequestedTheme())));
+
+    // Update the window frame. If `rainbowFrame:true` is enabled, then that
+    // will be used. Otherwise we'll try to use the `FrameBrush` set in the
+    // terminal window, as that will have the right color for the ThemeColor for
+    // this setting. If that value is null, then revert to the default frame
+    // color.
+    if (windowTheme)
+    {
+        if (windowTheme.RainbowFrame())
+        {
+            _startFrameTimer();
+        }
+        else if (const auto b{ _windowLogic.FrameBrush() })
+        {
+            _stopFrameTimer();
+            const auto color = ThemeColor::ColorFromBrush(b);
+            COLORREF ref{ til::color{ color } };
+            _frameColorHelper(_window->GetHandle(), ref);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _stopFrameTimer();
+            // DWMWA_COLOR_DEFAULT is the magic "reset to the default" value
+            _frameColorHelper(_window->GetHandle(), DWMWA_COLOR_DEFAULT);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void AppHost::_startFrameTimer()
+{
+    // Instantiate the frame color timer, if we haven't already. We'll only ever
+    // create one instance of this. We'll set up the callback for the timers as
+    // _updateFrameColor, which will actually handle setting the colors. If we
+    // already have a timer, just start that one.
+
+    if (_frameTimer == nullptr)
+    {
+        _frameTimer = winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::DispatcherTimer();
+        _frameTimer.Interval(FrameUpdateInterval);
+        _frameTimerToken = _frameTimer.Tick({ this, &AppHost::_updateFrameColor });
+    }
+    _frameTimer.Start();
+}
+
+void AppHost::_stopFrameTimer()
+{
+    if (_frameTimer)
+    {
+        _frameTimer.Stop();
+    }
+}
+
+// Method Description:
+// - Updates the color of the window frame to cycle through all the colors. This
+//   is called as the `_frameTimer` Tick callback, roughly 60 times per second.
+void AppHost::_updateFrameColor(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable&, const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable&)
+{
+    // First, a couple helper functions:
+    static const auto saturateAndToColor = [](const float a, const float b, const float c) -> til::color {
+        return til::color{
+            base::saturated_cast<uint8_t>(255.f * std::clamp(a, 0.f, 1.f)),
+            base::saturated_cast<uint8_t>(255.f * std::clamp(b, 0.f, 1.f)),
+            base::saturated_cast<uint8_t>(255.f * std::clamp(c, 0.f, 1.f))
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Helper for converting a hue [0, 1) to an RGB value.
+    // Credit to https://www.chilliant.com/rgb2hsv.html
+    static const auto hueToRGB = [&](const float H) -> til::color {
+        float R = abs(H * 6 - 3) - 1;
+        float G = 2 - abs(H * 6 - 2);
+        float B = 2 - abs(H * 6 - 4);
+        return saturateAndToColor(R, G, B);
+    };
+
+    // Now, the main body of work.
+    // - Convert the time delta between when we were started and now, to a hue. This will cycle us through all the colors.
+    // - Convert that hue to an RGB value.
+    // - Set the frame's color to that RGB color.
+    const auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+    const std::chrono::duration<float> delta{ now - _started };
+    const auto seconds = delta.count() / 4; // divide by four, to make the effect slower. Otherwise it flashes way to fast.
+    float ignored;
+    const auto color = hueToRGB(modf(seconds, &ignored));
+
+    _frameColorHelper(_window->GetHandle(), color);
 }
 
 void AppHost::_HandleSettingsChanged(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable& /*sender*/,
@@ -1203,6 +1325,10 @@ void AppHost::_PropertyChangedHandler(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspect
             _updateTheme();
         }
     }
+    else if (e.PropertyName() == L"FrameBrush")
+    {
+        _updateTheme();
+    }
 }
 
 winrt::fire_and_forget AppHost::_WindowInitializedHandler(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable& /*sender*/,

src/cascadia/WindowsTerminal/AppHost.h

@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ private:
 
     std::shared_ptr<ThrottledFuncTrailing<bool>> _showHideWindowThrottler;
 
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> _started;
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Xaml::DispatcherTimer _frameTimer{ nullptr };
+
     uint32_t _launchShowWindowCommand{ SW_NORMAL };
 
     void _preInit();
@@ -151,7 +154,12 @@ private:
     void _handleSendContent(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable& sender,
                             winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Remoting::RequestReceiveContentArgs args);
 
+    void _startFrameTimer();
+    void _stopFrameTimer();
+    void _updateFrameColor(const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable&, const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable&);
+
     winrt::event_token _GetWindowLayoutRequestedToken;
+    winrt::event_token _frameTimerToken;
 
     // Helper struct. By putting these all into one struct, we can revoke them
     // all at once, by assigning _revokers to a fresh Revokers instance. That'll