Update Cascadia Code to 2404.23 (#17137)

This update adds support for:

- Unicode 16 Large Type Pieces (they are really cool, you *have* to see
them)
- Unicode 13 Sextants (U+1FB00 - U+1FB3B)
- Octants, sedecimants, eights, miscellanrous blocks, separated
quadrants and sextants, and diagonals
- Segmented digits (think LED numbers)
- Checkerboards

It also fixes the coordinate system used in all of the blocks,
half-blocks, quadrants and eights for consistency.

This update does **not** include the new "Nerd Fonts" variant of
Cascadia Code or Cascadia Mono.

With big thanks to @PhMajerus for contributing all of the new symbols
for legacy computing.

See microsoft/cascadia-code#723, microsoft/cascadia-code#708 and
microsoft/cascadia-code#727 for more details.

res/fonts/README.md

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Please consult the [license](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/cascadi
 
 ### Fonts Included
 
-* Cascadia Code, Cascadia Mono (2111.01)
-   * from microsoft/cascadia-code@de36d62e777d34d3bed92a7e23988e5d61e0ba02
+* Cascadia Code, Cascadia Mono (2404.23)
+   * from microsoft/cascadia-code@1034791e5fc6e060a448d2b29cd94a6c683edb36