Optimize format usage

Per #112156, using `&` in `format!` may cause a small perf delay, so I tried to clean up one module at a time format usage. This PR includes a few removals of the ref in format (they do compile locally without the ref), as well as a few format inlining for consistency.

compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs

@@ -420,13 +420,13 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         let expected_label = if expected_label.is_empty() {
             "expected".to_string()
         } else {
-            format!("expected {}", expected_label)
+            format!("expected {expected_label}")
         };
         let found_label = found_label.to_string();
         let found_label = if found_label.is_empty() {
             "found".to_string()
         } else {
-            format!("found {}", found_label)
+            format!("found {found_label}")
         };
         let (found_padding, expected_padding) = if expected_label.len() > found_label.len() {
             (expected_label.len() - found_label.len(), 0)
@@ -439,13 +439,13 @@ impl Diagnostic {
             StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (s.to_owned(), Style::NoStyle),
             StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (s.to_owned(), Style::Highlight),
         }));
-        msg.push((format!("`{}\n", expected_extra), Style::NoStyle));
+        msg.push((format!("`{expected_extra}\n"), Style::NoStyle));
         msg.push((format!("{}{} `", " ".repeat(found_padding), found_label), Style::NoStyle));
         msg.extend(found.0.iter().map(|x| match *x {
             StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (s.to_owned(), Style::NoStyle),
             StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (s.to_owned(), Style::Highlight),
         }));
-        msg.push((format!("`{}", found_extra), Style::NoStyle));
+        msg.push((format!("`{found_extra}"), Style::NoStyle));
 
         // For now, just attach these as notes.
         self.highlighted_note(msg);
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
     pub fn note_trait_signature(&mut self, name: Symbol, signature: String) -> &mut Self {
         self.highlighted_note(vec![
-            (format!("`{}` from trait: `", name), Style::NoStyle),
+            (format!("`{name}` from trait: `"), Style::NoStyle),
             (signature, Style::Highlight),
             ("`".to_string(), Style::NoStyle),
         ]);

compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_impls.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl IntoDiagnosticArg for bool {
 
 impl IntoDiagnosticArg for char {
     fn into_diagnostic_arg(self) -> DiagnosticArgValue<'static> {
-        DiagnosticArgValue::Str(Cow::Owned(format!("{:?}", self)))
+        DiagnosticArgValue::Str(Cow::Owned(format!("{self:?}")))
     }
 }
 

compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs

@@ -279,12 +279,12 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
                 let msg = if substitution.is_empty() || sugg.style.hide_inline() {
                     // This substitution is only removal OR we explicitly don't want to show the
                     // code inline (`hide_inline`). Therefore, we don't show the substitution.
-                    format!("help: {}", &msg)
+                    format!("help: {msg}")
                 } else {
                     // Show the default suggestion text with the substitution
                     format!(
                         "help: {}{}: `{}`",
-                        &msg,
+                        msg,
                         if self.source_map().is_some_and(|sm| is_case_difference(
                             sm,
                             substitution,

compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs

@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ impl HandlerInner {
                 let _ = self.fatal(errors);
             }
             (_, _) => {
-                let _ = self.fatal(format!("{}; {}", &errors, &warnings));
+                let _ = self.fatal(format!("{errors}; {warnings}"));
             }
         }