719 lines
22 KiB
Ruby
719 lines
22 KiB
Ruby
#
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# Copyright (c) 2004 David R. Halliday
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# This SNMP library is free software. Redistribution is permitted under the
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# same terms and conditions as the standard Ruby distribution. See the
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# COPYING file in the Ruby distribution for details.
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#
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require 'snmp/pdu'
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require 'snmp/mib'
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require 'socket'
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require 'timeout'
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require 'thread'
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module SNMP
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class RequestTimeout < RuntimeError; end
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##
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# Wrap socket so that it can be easily substituted for testing or for
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# using other transport types (e.g. TCP)
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#
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class UDPTransport
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def initialize(socket = nil)
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@socket = socket
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if socket.nil?
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@socket = UDPSocket.open
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end
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end
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def close
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@socket.close
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end
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def send(data, host, port)
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@socket.send(data, 0, host, port)
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end
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def recv(max_bytes)
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@socket.recv(max_bytes)
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end
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end
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class RexUDPTransport
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def initialize(socket = nil)
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@socket = socket
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if socket.nil?
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@socket = UDPSocket.open
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end
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end
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def close
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@socket.close
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end
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def send(data, host, port, flags = 0)
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begin
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@socket.sendto(data, host, port, flags)
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rescue NoMethodError
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@socket.send(data, 0, host, port)
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rescue ::Errno::EISCONN
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@socket.write(data)
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end
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end
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def recv(max_bytes)
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@socket.recv(max_bytes)
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end
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end
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##
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# Manage a request-id in the range 1..2**31-1
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#
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class RequestId
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MAX_REQUEST_ID = 2**31
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def initialize
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@lock = Mutex.new
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@request_id = rand(MAX_REQUEST_ID)
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end
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def next
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@lock.synchronize do
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@request_id += 1
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@request_id = 1 if @request_id == MAX_REQUEST_ID
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return @request_id
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end
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end
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def force_next(next_id)
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new_request_id = next_id.to_i
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if new_request_id < 1 || new_request_id >= MAX_REQUEST_ID
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raise "Invalid request id: #{new_request_id}"
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end
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new_request_id = MAX_REQUEST_ID if new_request_id == 1
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@lock.synchronize do
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@request_id = new_request_id - 1
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end
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end
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end
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##
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# == SNMP Manager
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#
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# This class provides a manager for interacting with a single SNMP agent.
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#
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# = Example
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#
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# require 'snmp'
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#
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# manager = SNMP::Manager.new(:Host => 'localhost', :Port => 1061)
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# response = manager.get(["1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0", "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.2.0"])
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# response.each_varbind {|vb| puts vb.inspect}
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# manager.close
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#
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# == Symbolic Object Names
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#
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# Symbolic names for SNMP object IDs can be used as parameters to the
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# APIs in this class if the MIB modules are imported and the names of the
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# MIBs are included in the MibModules configuration parameter.
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#
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# See MIB.varbind_list for a description of valid parameter formats.
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#
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# The following modules are loaded by default: "SNMPv2-SMI", "SNMPv2-MIB",
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# "IF-MIB", "IP-MIB", "TCP-MIB", "UDP-MIB". All of the current IETF MIBs
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# have been imported and are available for loading.
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#
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# Additional modules may be imported using the MIB class. The
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# current implementation of the importing code requires that the
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# external 'smidump' tool is available in your PATH. This tool can be
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# obtained from the libsmi website at
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# http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/libsmi/ .
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#
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# = Example
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#
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# Do this once:
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#
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# SNMP::MIB.import_module(MY_MODULE_FILENAME, MIB_OUTPUT_DIR)
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#
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# Include your module in MibModules each time you create a Manager:
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#
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# SNMP::Manager.new(:Host => 'localhost', :MibDir => MIB_OUTPUT_DIR,
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# :MibModules => ["MY-MODULE-MIB", "SNMPv2-MIB", ...])
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#
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class Manager
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##
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# Default configuration. Individual options may be overridden when
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# the Manager is created.
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#
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DefaultConfig = {
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:Host => 'localhost',
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:Port => 161,
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:TrapPort => 162,
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:Socket => nil,
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:Community => 'public',
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:WriteCommunity => nil,
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:Version => :SNMPv2c,
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:Timeout => 1,
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:Retries => 5,
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:Transport => UDPTransport,
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:MaxReceiveBytes => 8000,
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:MibDir => MIB::DEFAULT_MIB_PATH,
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:MibModules => ["SNMPv2-SMI", "SNMPv2-MIB", "IF-MIB", "IP-MIB", "TCP-MIB", "UDP-MIB"]}
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@@request_id = RequestId.new
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##
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# Retrieves the current configuration of this Manager.
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#
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attr_reader :config
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##
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# Retrieves the MIB for this Manager.
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#
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attr_reader :mib
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def initialize(config = {})
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if block_given?
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warn "SNMP::Manager::new() does not take block; use SNMP::Manager::open() instead"
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end
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@config = DefaultConfig.merge(config)
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@config[:WriteCommunity] = @config[:WriteCommunity] || @config[:Community]
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@host = @config[:Host]
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@port = @config[:Port]
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@socket = @config[:Socket]
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@trap_port = @config[:TrapPort]
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@community = @config[:Community]
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@write_community = @config[:WriteCommunity]
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@snmp_version = @config[:Version]
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@timeout = @config[:Timeout]
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@retries = @config[:Retries]
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@transport = @config[:Transport].new(@socket)
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@max_bytes = @config[:MaxReceiveBytes]
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@mib = MIB.new
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load_modules(@config[:MibModules], @config[:MibDir])
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end
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##
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# Creates a Manager but also takes an optional block and automatically
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# closes the transport connection used by this manager after the block
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# completes.
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#
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def self.open(config = {})
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manager = Manager.new(config)
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if block_given?
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begin
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yield manager
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ensure
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manager.close
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end
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end
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end
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##
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# Close the transport connection for this manager.
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#
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def close
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@transport.close
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end
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def load_module(name)
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@mib.load_module(name)
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end
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##
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# Sends a get request for the supplied list of ObjectId or VarBind
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# objects.
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#
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# Returns a Response PDU with the results of the request.
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#
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def get(object_list)
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varbind_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :NullValue)
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request = GetRequest.new(@@request_id.next, varbind_list)
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try_request(request)
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end
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##
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# Sends a get request for the supplied list of ObjectId or VarBind
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# objects.
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#
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# Returns a list of the varbind values only, not the entire response,
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# in the same order as the initial object_list. This method is
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# useful for retrieving scalar values.
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#
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# For example:
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#
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# SNMP::Manager.open(:Host => "localhost") do |manager|
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# puts manager.get_value("sysDescr.0")
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# end
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#
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def get_value(object_list)
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if object_list.respond_to? :to_ary
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get(object_list).vb_list.collect { |vb| vb.value }
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else
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get(object_list).vb_list.first.value
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end
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end
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##
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# Sends a get-next request for the supplied list of ObjectId or VarBind
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# objects.
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#
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# Returns a Response PDU with the results of the request.
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#
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def get_next(object_list)
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varbind_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :NullValue)
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request = GetNextRequest.new(@@request_id.next, varbind_list)
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try_request(request)
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end
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##
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# Sends a get-bulk request. The non_repeaters parameter specifies
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# the number of objects in the object_list to be retrieved once. The
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# remaining objects in the list will be retrieved up to the number of
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# times specified by max_repetitions.
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#
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def get_bulk(non_repeaters, max_repetitions, object_list)
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varbind_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :NullValue)
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request = GetBulkRequest.new(
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@@request_id.next,
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varbind_list,
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non_repeaters,
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max_repetitions)
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try_request(request)
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end
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##
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# Sends a set request using the supplied list of VarBind objects.
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#
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# Returns a Response PDU with the results of the request.
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#
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def set(object_list)
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varbind_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :KeepValue)
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request = SetRequest.new(@@request_id.next, varbind_list)
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try_request(request, @write_community)
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end
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##
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# Sends an SNMPv1 style trap.
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#
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# enterprise: The enterprise OID from the IANA assigned numbers
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# (http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers) as a String or
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# an ObjectId.
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#
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# agent_addr: The IP address of the SNMP agent as a String or IpAddress.
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#
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# generic_trap: The generic trap identifier. One of :coldStart,
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# :warmStart, :linkDown, :linkUp, :authenticationFailure,
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# :egpNeighborLoss, or :enterpriseSpecific
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#
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# specific_trap: An integer representing the specific trap type for
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# an enterprise-specific trap.
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#
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# timestamp: An integer representing the number of hundredths of
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# a second that this system has been up.
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#
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# object_list: A list of additional varbinds to send with the trap.
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#
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# For example:
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#
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# Manager.open(:Version => :SNMPv1) do |snmp|
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# snmp.trap_v1(
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# "enterprises.9",
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# "10.1.2.3",
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# :enterpriseSpecific,
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# 42,
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# 12345,
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# [VarBind.new("1.3.6.1.2.3.4", Integer.new(1))])
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# end
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#
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def trap_v1(enterprise, agent_addr, generic_trap, specific_trap, timestamp, object_list=[])
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vb_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :KeepValue)
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ent_oid = @mib.oid(enterprise)
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agent_ip = IpAddress.new(agent_addr)
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specific_int = Integer(specific_trap)
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ticks = TimeTicks.new(timestamp)
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trap = SNMPv1_Trap.new(ent_oid, agent_ip, generic_trap, specific_int, ticks, vb_list)
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send_request(trap, @community, @host, @trap_port)
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end
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##
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# Sends an SNMPv2c style trap.
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#
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# sys_up_time: An integer representing the number of hundredths of
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# a second that this system has been up.
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#
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# trap_oid: An ObjectId or String with the OID identifier for this
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# trap.
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#
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# object_list: A list of additional varbinds to send with the trap.
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#
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def trap_v2(sys_up_time, trap_oid, object_list=[])
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vb_list = create_trap_vb_list(sys_up_time, trap_oid, object_list)
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trap = SNMPv2_Trap.new(@@request_id.next, vb_list)
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send_request(trap, @community, @host, @trap_port)
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end
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##
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# Sends an inform request using the supplied varbind list.
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#
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# sys_up_time: An integer representing the number of hundredths of
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# a second that this system has been up.
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#
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# trap_oid: An ObjectId or String with the OID identifier for this
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# inform request.
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#
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# object_list: A list of additional varbinds to send with the inform.
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#
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def inform(sys_up_time, trap_oid, object_list=[])
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vb_list = create_trap_vb_list(sys_up_time, trap_oid, object_list)
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request = InformRequest.new(@@request_id.next, vb_list)
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try_request(request, @community, @host, @trap_port)
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end
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##
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# Helper method for building VarBindList for trap and inform requests.
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#
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def create_trap_vb_list(sys_up_time, trap_oid, object_list)
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vb_args = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :KeepValue)
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uptime_vb = VarBind.new(SNMP::SYS_UP_TIME_OID, TimeTicks.new(sys_up_time.to_int))
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trap_vb = VarBind.new(SNMP::SNMP_TRAP_OID_OID, @mib.oid(trap_oid))
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VarBindList.new([uptime_vb, trap_vb, *vb_args])
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end
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##
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# Walks a list of ObjectId or VarBind objects using get_next until
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# the response to the first OID in the list reaches the end of its
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# MIB subtree.
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#
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# The varbinds from each get_next are yielded to the given block as
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# they are retrieved. The result is yielded as a VarBind when walking
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# a single object or as a VarBindList when walking a list of objects.
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#
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# Normally this method is used for walking tables by providing an
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# ObjectId for each column of the table.
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#
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# For example:
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#
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# SNMP::Manager.open(:Host => "localhost") do |manager|
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# manager.walk("ifTable") { |vb| puts vb }
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# end
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#
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# SNMP::Manager.open(:Host => "localhost") do |manager|
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# manager.walk(["ifIndex", "ifDescr"]) do |index, descr|
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# puts "#{index.value} #{descr.value}"
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# end
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# end
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#
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# The index_column identifies the column that will provide the index
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# for each row. This information is used to deal with "holes" in a
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# table (when a row is missing a varbind for one column). A missing
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# varbind is replaced with a varbind with the value NoSuchInstance.
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#
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# Note: If you are getting back rows where all columns have a value of
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# NoSuchInstance then your index column is probably missing one of the
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# rows. Choose an index column that includes all indexes for the table.
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#
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def walk(object_list, index_column=0)
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raise ArgumentError, "expected a block to be given" unless block_given?
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vb_list = @mib.varbind_list(object_list, :NullValue)
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raise ArgumentError, "index_column is past end of varbind list" if index_column >= vb_list.length
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is_single_vb = object_list.respond_to?(:to_str) ||
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object_list.respond_to?(:to_varbind)
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start_list = vb_list
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start_oid = vb_list[index_column].name
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last_oid = start_oid
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loop do
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vb_list = get_next(vb_list).vb_list
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index_vb = vb_list[index_column]
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break if EndOfMibView == index_vb.value
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stop_oid = index_vb.name
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if stop_oid <= last_oid
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# warn "OIDs are not increasing, #{last_oid} followed by #{stop_oid}"
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break
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end
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break unless stop_oid.subtree_of?(start_oid)
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last_oid = stop_oid
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if is_single_vb
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yield index_vb
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else
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vb_list = validate_row(vb_list, start_list, index_column)
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yield vb_list
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end
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end
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end
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|
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##
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# Helper method for walk. Checks all of the VarBinds in vb_list to
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# make sure that the row indices match. If the row index does not
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# match the index column, then that varbind is replaced with a varbind
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# with a value of NoSuchInstance.
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#
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def validate_row(vb_list, start_list, index_column)
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start_vb = start_list[index_column]
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index_vb = vb_list[index_column]
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row_index = index_vb.name.index(start_vb.name)
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vb_list.each_index do |i|
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if i != index_column
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expected_oid = start_list[i].name + row_index
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if vb_list[i].name != expected_oid
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vb_list[i] = VarBind.new(expected_oid, NoSuchInstance)
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end
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end
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end
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vb_list
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end
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private :validate_row
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|
|
##
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# Set the next request-id instead of letting it be generated
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# automatically. This method is useful for testing and debugging.
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#
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def next_request_id=(request_id)
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@@request_id.force_next(request_id)
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end
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|
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private
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|
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def warn(message)
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trace = caller(2)
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location = trace[0].sub(/:in.*/,'')
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Kernel::warn "#{location}: warning: #{message}"
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end
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def load_modules(module_list, mib_dir)
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|
module_list.each { |m| @mib.load_module(m, mib_dir) }
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end
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|
|
def try_request(request, community=@community, host=@host, port=@port)
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(@retries.to_i + 1).times do |n|
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send_request(request, community, host, port)
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begin
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|
Timeout.timeout(@timeout) do
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return get_response(request)
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end
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|
rescue Timeout::Error
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# no action - try again
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end
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end
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raise RequestTimeout, "host #{@config[:Host]} not responding", caller
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end
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|
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def send_request(request, community, host, port)
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|
message = Message.new(@snmp_version, community, request)
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@transport.send(message.encode, host, port)
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end
|
|
|
|
##
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|
# Wait until response arrives. Ignore responses with mismatched IDs;
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|
# these responses are typically from previous requests that timed out
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|
# or almost timed out.
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|
#
|
|
def get_response(request)
|
|
begin
|
|
data = @transport.recv(@max_bytes)
|
|
message = Message.decode(data)
|
|
response = message.pdu
|
|
end until request.request_id == response.request_id
|
|
response
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
class UDPServerTransport
|
|
def initialize(host, port)
|
|
@socket = UDPSocket.open
|
|
@socket.bind(host, port)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def close
|
|
@socket.close
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def send(data, host, port)
|
|
@socket.send(data, 0, host, port)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def recvfrom(max_bytes)
|
|
data, host_info = @socket.recvfrom(max_bytes)
|
|
flags, host_port, host_name, host_ip = host_info
|
|
return data, host_ip, host_port
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# == SNMP Trap Listener
|
|
#
|
|
# Listens to a socket and processes received traps and informs in a separate
|
|
# thread.
|
|
#
|
|
# === Example
|
|
#
|
|
# require 'snmp'
|
|
#
|
|
# m = SNMP::TrapListener.new(:Port => 1062, :Community => 'public') do |manager|
|
|
# manager.on_trap_default { |trap| p trap }
|
|
# end
|
|
# m.join
|
|
#
|
|
class TrapListener
|
|
DefaultConfig = {
|
|
:Host => 'localhost',
|
|
:Port => 162,
|
|
:Community => 'public',
|
|
:ServerTransport => UDPServerTransport,
|
|
:MaxReceiveBytes => 8000}
|
|
|
|
NULL_HANDLER = Proc.new {}
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Start a trap handler thread. If a block is provided then the block
|
|
# is executed before trap handling begins. This block is typically used
|
|
# to define the trap handler blocks.
|
|
#
|
|
# The trap handler blocks execute in the context of the trap handler thread.
|
|
#
|
|
# The most specific trap handler is executed when a trap arrives. Only one
|
|
# handler is executed. The handlers are checked in the following order:
|
|
#
|
|
# 1. handler for a specific OID
|
|
# 2. handler for a specific SNMP version
|
|
# 3. default handler
|
|
#
|
|
def initialize(config={}, &block)
|
|
@config = DefaultConfig.dup.update(config)
|
|
@transport = @config[:ServerTransport].new(@config[:Host], @config[:Port])
|
|
@max_bytes = @config[:MaxReceiveBytes]
|
|
@handler_init = block
|
|
@oid_handler = {}
|
|
@v1_handler = nil
|
|
@v2c_handler = nil
|
|
@default_handler = nil
|
|
@lock = Mutex.new
|
|
@handler_thread = Thread.new(self) { |m| process_traps(m) }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Define the default trap handler. The default trap handler block is
|
|
# executed only if no other block is applicable. This handler should
|
|
# expect to receive both SNMPv1_Trap and SNMPv2_Trap objects.
|
|
#
|
|
def on_trap_default(&block)
|
|
raise ArgumentError, "a block must be provided" unless block
|
|
@lock.synchronize { @default_handler = block }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Define a trap handler block for a specific trap ObjectId. This handler
|
|
# only applies to SNMPv2 traps. Note that symbolic OIDs are not
|
|
# supported by this method (like in the SNMP.Manager class).
|
|
#
|
|
def on_trap(object_id, &block)
|
|
raise ArgumentError, "a block must be provided" unless block
|
|
@lock.synchronize { @oid_handler[ObjectId.new(object_id)] = block }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Define a trap handler block for all SNMPv1 traps. The trap yielded
|
|
# to the block will always be an SNMPv1_Trap.
|
|
#
|
|
def on_trap_v1(&block)
|
|
raise ArgumentError, "a block must be provided" unless block
|
|
@lock.synchronize { @v1_handler = block }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Define a trap handler block for all SNMPv2c traps. The trap yielded
|
|
# to the block will always be an SNMPv2_Trap. Note that InformRequest
|
|
# is a subclass of SNMPv2_Trap, so inform PDUs are also received by
|
|
# this handler.
|
|
#
|
|
def on_trap_v2c(&block)
|
|
raise ArgumentError, "a block must be provided" unless block
|
|
@lock.synchronize { @v2c_handler = block }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Joins the current thread to the trap handler thread.
|
|
#
|
|
# See also Thread#join.
|
|
#
|
|
def join
|
|
@handler_thread.join
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Stops the trap handler thread and releases the socket.
|
|
#
|
|
# See also Thread#exit.
|
|
#
|
|
def exit
|
|
@handler_thread.exit
|
|
@transport.close
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
alias kill exit
|
|
alias terminate exit
|
|
|
|
private
|
|
|
|
def process_traps(trap_listener)
|
|
@handler_init.call(trap_listener) if @handler_init
|
|
loop do
|
|
data, source_ip, source_port = @transport.recvfrom(@max_bytes)
|
|
begin
|
|
message = Message.decode(data)
|
|
if @config[:Community] == message.community
|
|
trap = message.pdu
|
|
if trap.kind_of?(InformRequest)
|
|
@transport.send(message.response.encode, source_ip, source_port)
|
|
end
|
|
trap.source_ip = source_ip
|
|
select_handler(trap).call(trap)
|
|
end
|
|
rescue => e
|
|
puts "Error handling trap: #{e}"
|
|
puts e.backtrace.join("\n")
|
|
puts "Received data:"
|
|
p data
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def select_handler(trap)
|
|
@lock.synchronize do
|
|
if trap.kind_of?(SNMPv2_Trap)
|
|
oid = trap.trap_oid
|
|
if @oid_handler[oid]
|
|
return @oid_handler[oid]
|
|
elsif @v2c_handler
|
|
return @v2c_handler
|
|
elsif @default_handler
|
|
return @default_handler
|
|
else
|
|
return NULL_HANDLER
|
|
end
|
|
elsif trap.kind_of?(SNMPv1_Trap)
|
|
if @v1_handler
|
|
return @v1_handler
|
|
elsif @default_handler
|
|
return @default_handler
|
|
else
|
|
return NULL_HANDLER
|
|
end
|
|
else
|
|
return NULL_HANDLER
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|