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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../index.html">Andrew's Blog</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> linux</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/install_linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> install linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/bash_profile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash profile</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/command_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> command list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/git_guide.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> git guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/tar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> tar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/run_x86_elf_in_x64_setup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> run x86 elf in x64 setup</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/mac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> mac</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/macos_profiles.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> macos profiles</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> swift</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/swift/learn_swift.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> learn swift basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_extensions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Swift extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_extension.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> SwiftUI extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/install_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> install swift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/task_planner.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> implment task panner app with SwiftUI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Swift Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/yinci_url.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Personal privacy protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_regular_exressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> Swift regular exressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/how_to_create_beautiful_ios_charts_in_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> How to Create Beautiful iOS Charts in鑱絊wift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_source_code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> SwiftUI source code</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/use_swift_fetch_iciba_api.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> use swift fetch iciba API</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/ios.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> ios</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/cocaposd_setup_and_install_for_ios_project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> cocaposd setup and install for ios project</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/swiftui_show_gif_image.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> SwiftUI show gif image</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/implement_task_planner_app.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> implement Task planner App</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> objective_c</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Objective-C Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_for_absolute_beginners_read_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Objective-C Note</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> dart</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/flutter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Flutter Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Dart Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/flutter/flutter_dev_test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Flutter dev test</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> rust</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/offline_use_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Offline use rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_grammer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> rust grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/pase_string_and_decimal_conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> pase string and decimal conversion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/parse_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> rust types</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Rust life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_generic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> rust generics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implment_matrix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> Rust implement matrix</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> Rust implement sort algorithms</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_aes_encryption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> Rust implement AEC encryption and decryption</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_trie_data_structure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> implement trie data structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_tree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> implement tree data_structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/list_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> list dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/fast_way_to_implment_object_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> fast way to implment object trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/compress_rust_binary_size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> compress rust binary size</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implment_file_upload_backend.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> impliment file upload</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/this_is_add_post_cli_implementation_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.16.</strong> this is add_post cli implementation in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/use_rust_implment_a_copyclipbord_cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.17.</strong> Use rust implment a copyclipbord CLI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/sqlite_database_add_delete_update_show_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.18.</strong> sqlite database add delete update show in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implementing_tokio_joinhandle_for_wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.19.</strong> Implementing tokio JoinHandle for wasm</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_a_crate_for_encode_and_decode_brainfuck_and_ook.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.20.</strong> rust implement a crate for encode and decode brainfuck and ook</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/slint_builtin_elements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.21.</strong> Slint Builtin Elements</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/corporate_network_install_rust_on_windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.22.</strong> Corporate network install Rust on windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_file_how_to_judge_static_link_or_dynamic_link_in_macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.23.</strong> rust binary file how to judge static link or dynamic link in Macos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_include_dir_and_get_contents.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.24.</strong> rust binary include dir and get contents</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_logger_non-block.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.25.</strong> rust logger non-block</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_connect_sql_server_database.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.26.</strong> rust connect sql server database</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_websocket_implment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.27.</strong> rust websocket implment</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> java</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> java grammar and codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/run_jar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> java run .jar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_pomxml_add_defaultgoal_to_build.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Java pomxml add defaultGoal to build</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_set_mvn_mirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Java set mvn mirror</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> python</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/convert_pesn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> convert pesn</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/find_remove_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> find and remove dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/timing_message.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> wechat send message</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/use_python_openpyxl_package_read_and_edit_excel_files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Use python openpyxl package read and edit excel files</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/go/go.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> go</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> js</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> js tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> ja map</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_math.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> js math</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> js object</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_set.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> js set</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/single_thread_and_asynchronous.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> single thread and asynchronous</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> js this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_implment_aes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> js implment aes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/getting_started_with_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.9.</strong> getting started with ajax</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/BinarySearchTree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.10.</strong> binary search tree</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/goole_zx.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.11.</strong> goole zx</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/es6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.12.</strong> es6</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> ruby</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/rails_setup_env.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> ruby on rails setup environment</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/learn_ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> learn ruby</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Ruby Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/setup_ruby_for_ctf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> Setup ruby for CTF</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> react</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> react life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> react router</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> react this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_interviw.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/important_react_interview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> important react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.</strong> react quick reference</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/redux_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.</strong> redux quick reference</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> vue</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> vue ajax</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> angular</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/controller_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> controller communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/creating_custom_directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> creating custom directives</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_notes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> directive notes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> directive communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/post_params.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> post params</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/read_json_angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> read json angular</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/same_route_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.7.</strong> same route reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> css</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/use_css_media.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> use css media</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> php</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/for_php_string_implment_some_extemtion_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> for php string implment some extemtion functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php_cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.2.</strong> PHP cheatsheet</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> leetcode</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.1.</strong> rust leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.</strong> rust codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/swift_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.</strong> swift codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/js_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.</strong> js leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/java_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.5.</strong> java leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_huawei.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.6.</strong> huawei test</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_utils.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.7.</strong> rust common functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/olympiad_training.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.8.</strong> Computer olympiad training</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> ctf</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.1.</strong> CTF Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.1_Web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/4.1_Misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.3.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.4.</strong> PWN</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.1_Crypto.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.</strong> Crypto</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.4_RSA_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.6.</strong> Rsa attack</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.5_Base64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.7.</strong> Base64</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.0_SQL Injection Cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.8.</strong> SQL Injection Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.1_SQL_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.9.</strong> SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.2_SQL_injection_UNION_attacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.10.</strong> SQL Injection UNION attacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.3_Blind SQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.11.</strong> Blind SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.4_Code Injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.12.</strong> Code Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.5_SSRF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.13.</strong> SSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.6_OS command injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.14.</strong> OS command injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.7_Local file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.15.</strong> Local file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.8_Remote file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.16.</strong> Remote file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.9_CSRFm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.17.</strong> CSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.10_NoSQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.18.</strong> NoSQL injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.11_JSON injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.19.</strong> JSON injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.12_CTF_Web_SQL_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.20.</strong> CTF Web SQL Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.1_XXE.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.21.</strong> XXE</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.2_XSS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.22.</strong> XSS</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.3_Upload File.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.23.</strong> Upload File</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.4_serialize_unserialize.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.24.</strong> serialize unserialize</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.5_Race condition.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.25.</strong> Race condition</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.26.</strong> PWN_note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.3_pwn HCTF2016 brop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.27.</strong> pwn HCTF2016 brop</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_patch_defense_skill.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.28.</strong> PWN Patch defense skill</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_stack_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.29.</strong> PWN stack overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_heap_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.30.</strong> PWN heap overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_format_string_vulnerability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.31.</strong> PWN Format String Vulnerability</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/kali_linux_tutorials.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.32.</strong> Kali linux tutorials</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/google_dorks_2023_lists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.33.</strong> Google Dorks 2023 Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/dvwa_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.34.</strong> DVWA WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/bwapp_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.35.</strong> bWAPP WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/sqlilabs_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.36.</strong> sqlilabs WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_train_at_hangzhou.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.37.</strong> ctf train at hangzhou</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_common_mindmap_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.38.</strong> ctf common mindmap list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/error_based_sql_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.39.</strong> Error Based SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/urlfinder_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.40.</strong> URLFinder Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/observer_ward_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.41.</strong> observer_ward Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/mysql_udf_.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.42.</strong> MySQL UDF 提权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/nuclei__tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.43.</strong> Nuclei Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2024_ctf_solution_thinking.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.44.</strong> 2024 ctf solution thinking</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/man_che_si_te_bian_ma.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.45.</strong> 曼彻斯特编码</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1 id="learn-swift-grammar"><a class="header" href="#learn-swift-grammar">learn swift grammar</a></h1>
<h2 id="common"><a class="header" href="#common">common</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
typealias i8 = Int8
typealias i16 = Int16
typealias i32 = Int32
typealias i64 = Int64
typealias isize = Int
typealias u8 = UInt8
typealias u16 = UInt16
typealias u32 = UInt32
typealias u64 = UInt64
typealias usize = UInt
typealias f32 = Float
typealias f64 = Double
typealias char = Character
typealias string = String
typealias Option = Optional
typealias bool = Bool
typealias Codable = Decodable &amp; Encodable
typealias Debug = CustomDebugStringConvertible
typealias VecDeque = BidirectionalCollection
typealias Vec = Collection
public enum Results&lt;T&gt; {
case OK(T)
case Err(T)
}
public enum Err: Error {
case notEqual(String)
}
func assertEqual&lt;T:Equatable&gt;(_ result1:T,_ result2:T)-&gt;Result&lt;String,Error&gt;{
if result1 == result2 {
return Result.success("expected \(result1) found \(result2)")
}else{
return Result.failure(Err.notEqual("expected \(result1) found \(result2)"))
}
}
func assertEq&lt;T:Equatable&gt;(_ result1:T,_ result2:T){
let result = assertEqual(result1,result2)
switch result {
case .success:
print("\(result)")
break
case .failure:
print("\(result)")
break
}
}
// assertEq(threeSum([-1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 1, -4, 0], target: 0),[[-1, -1, 2], [-1, 0, 1]])
</code></pre>
<h2 id="basic"><a class="header" href="#basic">basic</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">// Number
var int = 10
var float = 12.15
//Boolean
var have = true
var have_not = false
//print type of value
var numberOfPets = 4
print(type(of: numberOfPets))
var numberOfPetsDouble: Double = 4
print(type(of: numberOfPetsDouble))
var inchesDouble = 4.1243
print(type(of: inchesDouble))
var inchesFloat: Float = 4.1243
print(type(of: inchesFloat))
// String
var hstr = "hello world "
hstr.append("to the world")// push
//convert number to string by radix
let s0 = String(1635999) // returns "1635999"
let s1 = String(1635999, radix: 10) // returns "1635999"
let s2 = String(1635999, radix: 2) // returns "110001111011010011111"
let s3 = String(1635999, radix: 16) // returns "18f69f"
let s4 = String(1635999, radix: 16, uppercase: true) // returns "18F69F"
let s5 = String(1635999, radix: 17) // returns "129gf4"
let s6 = String(1635999, radix: 36) // returns "z2cf"
print("s3:\(s3)")
//String start_with,end_with
let is_start_with = "/demo".hasPrefix("/")
let is_end_with = "demo/".hasSuffix("/")
let long_string = """
is_start_with /:\(is_start_with)
is_end_with /:\(is_end_with)
"""
print(long_string)
//push string
var s7 = ""
s7.write("write") //like rusts push_str()
s7.append("append ") //like rusts push_str()
s7.append("🌍") //like rusts push() char
print("s7:\(s7)")
//slice string get prefix 前面的元素
var ss7 = s7.prefix(1)
print("ss7:\(ss7)")
//slice string get suffix 后面的元素
var ss8 = s7.suffix(1)
print("ss8:\(ss8)")
//split string
print("\(s7.split(separator: " "))") //["writeappend", "🌍"]
print("\(s7.split(separator: " ",maxSplits:0))") //["writeappend"]
print("\(s7.split(separator: " ",omittingEmptySubsequences:false))") //["writeappend", "🌍"] 不省略空
let s8 = "Hello!"
let bytes = s8.utf8CString
print(bytes)// Prints "[72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 33, 0]"
// reverse string
let w = "Backwards"
for char in w.reversed() {
print(char, terminator: "")
}
var ns1 = String("demo")
let numbers = 0...9
let shuffledNumbers = numbers.shuffled()
print("\(shuffledNumbers)")
//Array
var emptyAray = [String]()
var names = ["John", "Sansa", "Theon", "Jaime"]
names.insert("Varys", at: 2) //insert
names.append("Robb") //push back
names.remove(at: 3) //remove at index of 2
let words = ["apple", "orange", "banana"]
print("\(words.count)")
let new_names = ["Zoey", "Chloe", "Amani", "Amaia"]
let randomName = new_names.randomElement()!
let str = words.joined(separator:" : ")//json array to string
//Dictionaries
var emptyDict = [Int:Double]()
var capitalCities = ["Russia":"Moscow",
"Canada": "Ottawa", "France": "Paris"]
capitalCities["Germany"] = "Berlin"
capitalCities["Canada"] = "Toronto"
print(capitalCities)
for city in capitalCities{
print("The capital city of \(city.key) is \(city.value).")
}
//if else
var n = 10;
if n&lt;9{
print(n);
}
else if n==10{
print("is \(10)");
}
else {
}
//simplified ifelse statement
let age = 25
let haveCar = age&gt;28 ? true:false
print("have \(haveCar)")
//swich
var country = "Sweden"
switch country {
case "Germany":
print("This country is in Europe")
case "Sweden":
print("This country is in Europe")
case "USA":
print("This country is in North America")
case "India":
print("This country is in Asia")
case "Egypt":
print("This country is in Africa")
default:
print("Sorry i don't know the continent of this country")
}
let testscore = 80
var grade:Character
switch testscore {
case 90...100:
grade = "优"
case 80..&lt;90:
grade = "良"
case 60..&lt;80:
grade = "中"
case 0..&lt;60:
grade = "差"
default:
grade = "无"
}
print("Grade = \(grade)")
// Loop
//for in loop
let listOfNames = ["John", "Sansa", "Theon","Jaime", "Robb", "Thyrion"]
for name in listOfNames {
print("listOfNames:\(name)")
}
//while loop
var startValue = 1
let endValue = 10
while startValue &lt;= endValue {
print("startValue \(startValue)")
startValue += 1
}
//repeat-while-loop
var m = 2
repeat{
m*=2
}while m&lt;10
print("m is: \(m)")
//Function
func ourFirstFunction() {
print("I love Swift!")
}
ourFirstFunction()
func sayHi(from name:String){
print("Hi \(name)")
}
func sayHi1(name:String){
print("Hi \(name)")
}
sayHi(from:"Andrew")
sayHi1(name:"Andrew")
func doubleTheInput(inputValue: Int) -&gt; Int {
return inputValue*2
}
print("Double the input:\(doubleTheInput(inputValue:5))")
// Classes
class Car {
let horsepower = 100
let color = "red"
var numberOfCarDoors = 4
}
let myCar = Car()
// myCar.colour = "blue" //will error because let means that is constant value
myCar.numberOfCarDoors = 6
print("my car numberOfCarDoors :\(myCar.numberOfCarDoors)")
class NewCar {
let horsepower:Int
let color:String
let numberOfCarDoors:Int
init(horsepower: Int, color: String,numberOfCarDoors: Int) {
self.horsepower = horsepower
self.color = color
self.numberOfCarDoors = numberOfCarDoors
}
func engineOn() {
print("Engined turned on.")
}
func engineOff() {
print("Engine turned off.")
}
}
let myNewCar = NewCar(horsepower: 120, color:"green", numberOfCarDoors: 4)
print("my new car horsepower:\(myNewCar.horsepower)")
myNewCar.engineOn()
myNewCar.engineOff()
//Class Inheritance (对象继承)
class Person {
var firstName: String
var lastName: String
init(firstName: String, lastName: String){
self.firstName = firstName
self.lastName = lastName
}
func greetings() {
print("Hi, my name is \(firstName) \(lastName)!")
}
}
//Employee 继承Person class
class Employee: Person {
var staffNummer: Int
init(staffNummer: Int, firstName: String,lastName: String) {
self.staffNummer = staffNummer
super.init(firstName: firstName,lastName: lastName)//继承必须使用super.init()类初始化父类
}
func identity() {
print("First name \(firstName), Lastname \(lastName), Staff Number \(staffNummer)")
}
}
let christine = Employee(staffNummer: 780,firstName: "Christine", lastName: "Mayer")
christine.greetings() //调用父类的方法
christine.identity() //调用自己的方法
//Class overriding 重载 （替换父类的方法）
class Student:Person {
var stuId:String
init(stuId:String,firstName:String,lastName:String) {
self.stuId = stuId
super.init(firstName:firstName,lastName:lastName)
}
func sayStuId(){
print(stuId)
}
// overriding greetings
override func greetings() {
print("Hello, how are you?") //We override the function of the superclass
}
}
let ryan = Student(stuId:"1820012",firstName:"Andrew",lastName:"Ryan")
ryan.sayStuId()
ryan.greetings()
//Optionals 跟Rust的Option 一样
var ourFirstOptional: Int?
ourFirstOptional = 4
if let insideValue = ourFirstOptional { //just like rusts if let statement
print(insideValue)
} else {
print("Optional contains nil")
}
var studentOptional:Student?;
studentOptional?.sayStuId() //Nothing will happen
studentOptional?.greetings()//Nothing will happen
studentOptional = Student(stuId:"1820012",firstName:"Andrew",lastName:"Ryan")
studentOptional?.sayStuId() //will print id
//implment stack
struct Stack&lt;T&gt; : ExpressibleByArrayLiteral, CustomDebugStringConvertible {
var debugDescription: String {
get {
return "Stack: \(storage)"
}
}
typealias Element = T
private var storage: [T] = []
public init(arrayLiteral elements:Element...) {
self.storage = elements
}
mutating func push(_ item:T) {
storage.insert(item, at: 0)
}
mutating func pop() -&gt; T? {
guard storage.count &gt; 0 else { return nil }
return storage.remove(at: 0)
}
}
//栈 先进后出
var stack = Stack&lt;i8&gt;()
for i in 0...5{
stack.push(i8(i))
}
print("pop from stack:\(stack.pop()!)")
print("\(stack)")
learnArgument()
learnInput()
learnDir()
learnJSON()
learnTime()
learnSets()
learnResult()
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learnargument"><a class="header" href="#learnargument">learnArgument</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
// get arguments
func learnArgument(){
let args = CommandLine.arguments
if args.count != 2 {
print("Usage: cmd")
} else {
let name = args[1]
print("Name: \(name)")
}
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learninput"><a class="header" href="#learninput">learnInput</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
/// Inputs
var cin: String {
readLine()!
}
var cinArray: [Character] {
Array(cin)
}
extension String {
func str2(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (String, String) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { String($0) }
precondition(a.count == 2)
return (a[0], a[1])
}
func strs(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; [String] {
split(separator: separator).map { String($0) }
}
func int() -&gt; Int {
guard let v = Int(self) else {
fatalError()
}
return v
}
func int2(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Int, Int) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 2)
return (a[0], a[1])
}
func int3(offset: Int = 0, separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Int, Int, Int) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! + offset }
precondition(a.count == 3)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2])
}
func int4(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Int, Int, Int, Int) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 4)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3])
}
func int5(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 5)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], a[4])
}
func int6(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 6)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], a[4], a[5])
}
func ints(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; [Int] {
split(separator: separator).map { Int($0)! }
}
func float() -&gt; Float {
guard let v = Float(self) else {
fatalError()
}
return v
}
func float2(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Float, Float) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Float($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 2)
return (a[0], a[1])
}
func float3(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Float, Float, Float) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Float($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 3)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2])
}
func float4(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Float, Float, Float, Float) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Float($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 4)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3])
}
func floats(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; [Float] {
split(separator: separator).map { Float($0)! }
}
func double() -&gt; Double {
guard let v = Double(self) else {
fatalError()
}
return v
}
func double2(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Double, Double) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Double($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 2)
return (a[0], a[1])
}
func double3(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Double, Double, Double) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Double($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 3)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2])
}
func double4(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; (Double, Double, Double, Double) {
let a = split(separator: separator).map { Double($0)! }
precondition(a.count == 4)
return (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3])
}
func doubles(separator: Character = " ") -&gt; [Double] {
split(separator: separator).map { Double($0)! }
}
}
func learnInput(){
let in_string = cin
let in_string_arr = in_string.strs(separator:" ")
print("in_string_arr: \(in_string_arr)")
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learndir"><a class="header" href="#learndir">learnDir()</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
func learnDir(){
let homeDir = NSHomeDirectory()
let userName = NSUserName()
if let home_user = NSHomeDirectoryForUser("andrew"){
print("\(homeDir),\(userName),\(home_user)")
}
let pwd = URL(fileURLWithPath: "./")
print("\(pwd)")
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learnjson"><a class="header" href="#learnjson">learnJSON</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
struct Employeer: Codable {
var name:String
var id: Int
var mToy:Toy
}
struct Toy:Codable {
var name:String
}
extension Employeer:Debug {
var debugDescription: String {
return name + "(" + String(id) + "): " + mToy.name
}
}
func learnJSON(){
/// encode instance to jsonString
let toyA = Toy(name: "Teddy Bear")
let employeeA = Employeer(name: "EmployA", id:1, mToy:toyA)
let jsonEncoder = JSONEncoder()
let jsonData = try? jsonEncoder.encode(employeeA)
// jsonData contains an unreadable representation of employeeA
print("jsonData: \(String(describing:jsonData))")
let jsonString = String(data: jsonData!, encoding: .utf8)
print("jsonString: \(String(describing:jsonString))")
/// decode jsonString to instance
let jsonDecoder = JSONDecoder()
let employeeADecoded = try? jsonDecoder.decode(Employeer.self, from: jsonData!)
print(employeeADecoded!)//result
/*
jsonData: Optional(54 bytes)
jsonString: Optional("{\"name\":\"EmployA\",\"id\":1,\"mToy\":{\"name\":\"Teddy Bear\"}}")
EmployA(1): Teddy Bear
*/
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learntime"><a class="header" href="#learntime">learnTime</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
extension Date {
/// 获取当前 秒级 时间戳 - 10位
var timeStamp : String {
let timeInterval: TimeInterval = self.timeIntervalSince1970
let timeStamp = Int(timeInterval)
return "\(timeStamp)"
}
/// 获取当前 毫秒级 时间戳 - 13位
var milliStamp : String {
let timeInterval: TimeInterval = self.timeIntervalSince1970
let millisecond = CLongLong(round(timeInterval*1000))
return "\(millisecond)"
}
}
func learnTime(){
//当前时间
let dformatter = DateFormatter()
dformatter.dateFormat = "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss"
print("当前日期时间：\(dformatter.string(from: Date()))")
//TimeStamp 时间戳
let millisecond = Date().milliStamp
print("当前毫秒级时间戳是 millisecond == ",millisecond)
let timeStamp = Date().timeStamp
print("当前秒级时间戳是 timeStamp == ",timeStamp)
//将时间戳转为日期时间
let timeStamp1 = 1463637809
print("时间戳：\(timeStamp1)")
let timeInterval:TimeInterval = TimeInterval(timeStamp1)
let date = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: timeInterval)//转换为时间
let dformatter1 = DateFormatter()
dformatter1.dateFormat = "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss"
print("对应的日期时间：\(dformatter1.string(from: date))")//格式话输出
//获取当前时区
let zone = NSTimeZone.system
print("zone = \(zone)")
//获取当前时区和GMT的时间间隔
let interval = zone.secondsFromGMT()
print("interval = \(interval)")// 当前时区和格林威治时区的时间差 8小时 = 28800秒
print("interval = \(interval/3600)")// 输出当前系统时区
//获取当前系统时间
let now = Date().addingTimeInterval(TimeInterval(interval))
print("now time = \(now)")// 是Date格式不是String
}
/**
输出结果
当前日期时间：2022年12月21日 00:42:10
当前毫秒级时间戳是 millisecond == 1671554530990
当前秒级时间戳是 timeStamp == 1671554530
时间戳：1463637809
对应的日期时间：2016年05月19日 14:03:29
*/
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learnsets"><a class="header" href="#learnsets">learnSets</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">import Foundation
func learnSets(){
var primes: Set = [2, 3, 5, 7,55]
if primes.isEmpty {
print("No primes!")
} else {
primes.insert(77)
print("We have \(primes.count) primes.")
}
let primesSum = primes.reduce(0, +)
let primeStrings = primes.sorted().map(String.init)
print("primesSum:\(primesSum)")
print("primeStrings:\(primeStrings)")
primes.remove(77)
primes.removeFirst()
if let index = primes.firstIndex(of:55){
primes.remove(at:index)
}
let smallNums = primes.filter { $0 &lt; 5 }
print("smallNums:\(smallNums)")
// Tests whether primes is a subset of a Range&lt;Int&gt;
print(primes.isSubset(of: 0..&lt;10))
// Prints "true"
// Performs an intersection with an Array&lt;Int&gt;
let favoriteNumbers = [5, 7, 15, 21]
print(primes.intersection(favoriteNumbers)) //集合的交集
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="learnresult"><a class="header" href="#learnresult">learnResult</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">func getResult()-&gt;Results&lt;String&gt; {
Results.OK("ok")
}
func learnResult(){
print("\(getResult())")
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="impliment-like-pythons-system-function-with-swift"><a class="header" href="#impliment-like-pythons-system-function-with-swift">impliment like pythons system function with swift</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-swift">//python's os.system()
import Foundation
#if os(Linux)
func system(_ command: String) -&gt; Void {
let task = Process()
task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/bin/sh")
task.arguments = ["-c", command]
do {
try task.run()
task.waitUntilExit()
} catch {
print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
system("ls")
#elseif os(macOS)
func system(_ command: String) -&gt; Void {
let task = Process()
task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/bin/sh")
task.arguments = ["-c", command]
do {
try task.run()
task.waitUntilExit()
} catch {
print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
system("ls")
#elseif os(Windows)
func system_cmd(_ command: String) -&gt; Void {
let task = Process()
task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "cmd")
task.arguments = ["/c", command]
do {
try task.run()
task.waitUntilExit()
} catch {
print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
system_cmd("ping dnrops.gitee.io")
func system_powershell(_ command: String) -&gt; Void {
let task = Process()
task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "powershell")
task.arguments = ["-Command", command]
do {
try task.run()
task.waitUntilExit()
} catch {
print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
system_powershell("ping dnrops.gitee.io")
#else
let platform = "Unknown"
print("This operating system is not supported.")
#endif
</code></pre>
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