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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../index.html">Andrew's Blog</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> linux</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/install_linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> install linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/bash_profile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash profile</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/command_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> command list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/git_guide.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> git guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/tar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> tar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/run_x86_elf_in_x64_setup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> run x86 elf in x64 setup</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/mac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> mac</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/macos_profiles.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> macos profiles</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> swift</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/learn_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> learn swift basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_extensions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Swift extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_extension.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> SwiftUI extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/install_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> install swift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/task_planner.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> implment task panner app with SwiftUI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Swift Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/yinci_url.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Personal privacy protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_regular_exressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> Swift regular exressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/how_to_create_beautiful_ios_charts_in_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> How to Create Beautiful iOS Charts in鑱絊wift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_source_code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> SwiftUI source code</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/use_swift_fetch_iciba_api.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> use swift fetch iciba API</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/ios.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> ios</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/cocaposd_setup_and_install_for_ios_project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> cocaposd setup and install for ios project</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/swiftui_show_gif_image.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> SwiftUI show gif image</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/implement_task_planner_app.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> implement Task planner App</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> objective_c</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Objective-C Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_for_absolute_beginners_read_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Objective-C Note</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> dart</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/flutter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Flutter Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Dart Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/flutter/flutter_dev_test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Flutter dev test</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> rust</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/offline_use_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Offline use rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_grammer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> rust grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/pase_string_and_decimal_conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> pase string and decimal conversion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/parse_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> rust types</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Rust life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_generic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> rust generics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implment_matrix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> Rust implement matrix</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> Rust implement sort algorithms</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_aes_encryption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> Rust implement AEC encryption and decryption</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_trie_data_structure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> implement trie data structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_tree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> implement tree data_structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/list_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> list dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/fast_way_to_implment_object_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> fast way to implment object trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/compress_rust_binary_size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> compress rust binary size</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implment_file_upload_backend.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> impliment file upload</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/this_is_add_post_cli_implementation_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.16.</strong> this is add_post cli implementation in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/use_rust_implment_a_copyclipbord_cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.17.</strong> Use rust implment a copyclipbord CLI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/sqlite_database_add_delete_update_show_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.18.</strong> sqlite database add delete update show in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implementing_tokio_joinhandle_for_wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.19.</strong> Implementing tokio JoinHandle for wasm</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_a_crate_for_encode_and_decode_brainfuck_and_ook.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.20.</strong> rust implement a crate for encode and decode brainfuck and ook</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/slint_builtin_elements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.21.</strong> Slint Builtin Elements</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/corporate_network_install_rust_on_windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.22.</strong> Corporate network install Rust on windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_file_how_to_judge_static_link_or_dynamic_link_in_macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.23.</strong> rust binary file how to judge static link or dynamic link in Macos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_include_dir_and_get_contents.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.24.</strong> rust binary include dir and get contents</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_logger_non-block.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.25.</strong> rust logger non-block</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_connect_sql_server_database.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.26.</strong> rust connect sql server database</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_websocket_implment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.27.</strong> rust websocket implment</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> java</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> java grammar and codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/run_jar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> java run .jar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_pomxml_add_defaultgoal_to_build.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Java pomxml add defaultGoal to build</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_set_mvn_mirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Java set mvn mirror</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/python/python.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> python</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/convert_pesn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> convert pesn</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/find_remove_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> find and remove dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/timing_message.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> wechat send message</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/use_python_openpyxl_package_read_and_edit_excel_files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Use python openpyxl package read and edit excel files</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/go/go.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> go</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> js</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> js tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> ja map</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_math.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> js math</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> js object</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_set.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> js set</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/single_thread_and_asynchronous.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> single thread and asynchronous</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> js this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_implment_aes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> js implment aes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/getting_started_with_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.9.</strong> getting started with ajax</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/BinarySearchTree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.10.</strong> binary search tree</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/goole_zx.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.11.</strong> goole zx</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/es6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.12.</strong> es6</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> ruby</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/rails_setup_env.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> ruby on rails setup environment</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/learn_ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> learn ruby</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Ruby Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/setup_ruby_for_ctf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> Setup ruby for CTF</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> react</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> react life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> react router</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> react this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_interviw.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/important_react_interview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> important react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.</strong> react quick reference</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/redux_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.</strong> redux quick reference</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> vue</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> vue ajax</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> angular</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/controller_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> controller communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/creating_custom_directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> creating custom directives</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_notes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> directive notes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> directive communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/post_params.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> post params</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/read_json_angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> read json angular</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/same_route_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.7.</strong> same route reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> css</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/use_css_media.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> use css media</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> php</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/for_php_string_implment_some_extemtion_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> for php string implment some extemtion functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php_cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.2.</strong> PHP cheatsheet</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> leetcode</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.1.</strong> rust leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.</strong> rust codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/swift_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.</strong> swift codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/js_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.</strong> js leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/java_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.5.</strong> java leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_huawei.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.6.</strong> huawei test</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_utils.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.7.</strong> rust common functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/olympiad_training.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.8.</strong> Computer olympiad training</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> ctf</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.1.</strong> CTF Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.1_Web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/4.1_Misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.3.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.4.</strong> PWN</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.1_Crypto.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.</strong> Crypto</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.4_RSA_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.6.</strong> Rsa attack</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.5_Base64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.7.</strong> Base64</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.0_SQL Injection Cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.8.</strong> SQL Injection Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.1_SQL_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.9.</strong> SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.2_SQL_injection_UNION_attacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.10.</strong> SQL Injection UNION attacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.3_Blind SQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.11.</strong> Blind SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.4_Code Injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.12.</strong> Code Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.5_SSRF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.13.</strong> SSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.6_OS command injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.14.</strong> OS command injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.7_Local file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.15.</strong> Local file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.8_Remote file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.16.</strong> Remote file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.9_CSRFm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.17.</strong> CSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.10_NoSQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.18.</strong> NoSQL injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.11_JSON injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.19.</strong> JSON injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.12_CTF_Web_SQL_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.20.</strong> CTF Web SQL Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.1_XXE.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.21.</strong> XXE</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.2_XSS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.22.</strong> XSS</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.3_Upload File.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.23.</strong> Upload File</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.4_serialize_unserialize.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.24.</strong> serialize unserialize</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.5_Race condition.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.25.</strong> Race condition</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.26.</strong> PWN_note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.3_pwn HCTF2016 brop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.27.</strong> pwn HCTF2016 brop</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_patch_defense_skill.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.28.</strong> PWN Patch defense skill</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_stack_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.29.</strong> PWN stack overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_heap_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.30.</strong> PWN heap overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_format_string_vulnerability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.31.</strong> PWN Format String Vulnerability</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/kali_linux_tutorials.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.32.</strong> Kali linux tutorials</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/google_dorks_2023_lists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.33.</strong> Google Dorks 2023 Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/dvwa_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.34.</strong> DVWA WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/bwapp_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.35.</strong> bWAPP WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/sqlilabs_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.36.</strong> sqlilabs WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_train_at_hangzhou.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.37.</strong> ctf train at hangzhou</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_common_mindmap_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.38.</strong> ctf common mindmap list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/error_based_sql_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.39.</strong> Error Based SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/urlfinder_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.40.</strong> URLFinder Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/observer_ward_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.41.</strong> observer_ward Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/mysql_udf_.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.42.</strong> MySQL UDF 提权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/nuclei__tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.43.</strong> Nuclei Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2024_ctf_solution_thinking.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.44.</strong> 2024 ctf solution thinking</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/man_che_si_te_bian_ma.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.45.</strong> 曼彻斯特编码</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1 id="introduction-to-python"><a class="header" href="#introduction-to-python">Introduction to python</a></h1>
|
||
<p>Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python Software Foundation. It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code.
|
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Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
|
||
There are two major Python versions: <strong>Python 2 and Python 3</strong>. Both are quite different.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="beginning-with-python-programming"><a class="header" href="#beginning-with-python-programming">Beginning with Python programming:</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="1-finding-an-interpreter"><a class="header" href="#1-finding-an-interpreter">1) Finding an Interpreter:</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Before we start Python programming, we need to have an interpreter to interpret and run our programs. There are certain online interpreters like <a href="https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/"><strong>https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/</strong> </a> that can be used to run Python programs without installing an interpreter.
|
||
<strong><em>Windows</em>:</strong> There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) that comes bundled with the Python software downloaded from <a href="http://python.org/"><strong>http://python.org/</strong> </a>.
|
||
<strong><em>Linux</em>:</strong> Python comes preinstalled with popular Linux distros such as Ubuntu and Fedora. To check which version of Python you’re running, type “python” in the terminal emulator. The interpreter should start and print the version number.
|
||
<strong><em>macOS</em>:</strong> Generally, Python 2.7 comes bundled with macOS. You’ll have to manually install Python 3 from <a href="http://python.org/"><strong>http://python.org/</strong> </a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="2-writing-our-first-program"><a class="header" href="#2-writing-our-first-program">2) Writing our first program:</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Just type in the following code after you start the interpreter.</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-python"># Script Begins
|
||
print("GeeksQuiz")
|
||
# Scripts Ends
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Output:</p>
|
||
<pre><code>GeeksQuiz
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Let’s analyze the script line by line.
|
||
<strong>Line 1</strong>: [<em># Script Begins</em>] In Python, comments begin with a #. This statement is ignored by the interpreter and serves as documentation for our code.
|
||
<strong>Line 2</strong>: [<em>print(“GeeksQuiz”)</em>] To print something on the console, print() function is used. This function also adds a newline after our message is printed(unlike in C). Note that in Python 2, “print” is not a function but a keyword and therefore can be used without parentheses. However, in Python 3, it is a function and must be invoked with parentheses.
|
||
<strong>Line 2</strong>: [<em># Script Ends</em>] This is just another comment like in Line 1.
|
||
Python designed by Guido van Rossum at CWI has become a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language.
|
||
<strong>Prerequisites:</strong>
|
||
Knowledge of any programming language can be a plus.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="reason-for-increasing-popularity"><a class="header" href="#reason-for-increasing-popularity">Reason for increasing popularity</a></h3>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Emphasis on <strong>code readability, shorter codes</strong>, ease of writing</li>
|
||
<li>Programmers can express logical concepts in <strong>fewer lines</strong> of code in comparison to languages such as C++ or Java.</li>
|
||
<li>Python supports <strong>multiple</strong> programming paradigms, like object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural.</li>
|
||
<li>There exists inbuilt functions for almost all of the frequently used concepts.</li>
|
||
<li>Philosophy is “Simplicity is the best”.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="language-features"><a class="header" href="#language-features">LANGUAGE FEATURES</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Interpreted</strong></li>
|
||
<li>There are no separate compilation and execution steps like C and C++.</li>
|
||
<li>Directly <em>run</em> the program from the source code.</li>
|
||
<li>Internally, Python converts the source code into an intermediate form called bytecodes which is then translated into native language of specific computer to run it.</li>
|
||
<li>No need to worry about linking and loading with libraries, etc.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Platform Independent</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Python programs can be developed and executed on multiple operating system platforms.</li>
|
||
<li>Python can be used on Linux, Windows, Macintosh, Solaris and many more.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Free and Open Source;</strong> Redistributable</li>
|
||
<li><strong>High-level Language</strong></li>
|
||
<li>In Python, no need to take care about low-level details such as managing the memory used by the program.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Simple</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Closer to English language;Easy to Learn</li>
|
||
<li>More emphasis on the solution to the problem rather than the syntax</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Embeddable</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Python can be used within C/C++ program to give scripting capabilities for the program’s users.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Robust</strong>:</li>
|
||
<li>Exceptional handling features</li>
|
||
<li>Memory management techniques in built</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Rich Library Support</strong></li>
|
||
<li>The Python Standard Library is very vast.</li>
|
||
<li>Known as the <strong>“batteries included”</strong> philosophy of Python ;It can help do various things involving regular expressions, documentation generation, unit testing, threading, databases, web browsers, CGI, email, XML, HTML, WAV files, cryptography, GUI and many more.</li>
|
||
<li>Besides the standard library, there are various other high-quality libraries such as the Python Imaging Library which is an amazingly simple image manipulation library.
|
||
<strong>Python vs JAVA</strong>
|
||
The classical <strong>Hello World program</strong> illustrating the <strong>relative verbosity</strong> of a Java Program and Python Program
|
||
<strong>Java Code</strong>
|
||
<strong>Java Code</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-java">public class HelloWorld
|
||
{
|
||
public static void main (String[] args)
|
||
{
|
||
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>Python Code</strong></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-python">print("Hello, world!")
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>Similarity with Java</strong></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Require some form of runtime on your system (JVM/Python runtime)</li>
|
||
<li>Can probably be compiled to executables without the runtime (this is situational, none of them are designed to work this way)
|
||
<strong>Softwares making use of Python</strong>
|
||
Python has been successfully embedded in a number of software products as a scripting language.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>GNU Debugger uses Python as a <strong>pretty printer</strong> to show complex structures such as C++ containers.</li>
|
||
<li>Python has also been used in artificial intelligence</li>
|
||
<li>Python is often used for <strong>natural language processing</strong> tasks.
|
||
<strong>Current Applications of Python</strong></li>
|
||
<li>A number of Linux distributions use installers written in Python example in Ubuntu we have the <strong>Ubiquity</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Python has seen extensive use in the <strong>information security industry</strong>, including in exploit development.</li>
|
||
<li>Raspberry Pi– single board computer uses Python as its principal user-programming language.</li>
|
||
<li>Python is now being used <strong>Game Development</strong> areas also.
|
||
<strong>Pros:</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Ease of use</li>
|
||
<li>Multi-paradigm Approach
|
||
<strong>Cons:</strong></li>
|
||
<li>Slow speed of execution compared to C,C++</li>
|
||
<li>Absence from mobile computing and browsers</li>
|
||
<li>For the C,C++ programmers switching to python can be irritating as the language requires proper indentation of code. Certain variable names commonly used like sum are functions in python. So C, C++ programmers have to look out for these.
|
||
<strong>Industrial Importance</strong>
|
||
Most of the companies are now looking for candidates who know about Python Programming. Those having the knowledge of python may have more chances of impressing the interviewing panel. So I would suggest that beginners should start learning python and excel in it.
|
||
Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose dynamic programming language that focuses on code readability. It has fewer steps when compared to Java and C. It was founded in 1991 by developer Guido Van Rossum. Python ranks among the most popular and fastest-growing languages in the world. Python is a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use language. In addition, the community is very active there. It is used in many organizations as it supports multiple programming paradigms. It also performs automatic memory management.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="advantages-"><a class="header" href="#advantages-"><strong>Advantages :</strong></a></h3>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Presence of third-party modules</li>
|
||
<li>Extensive support libraries(NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data analytics etc)</li>
|
||
<li>Open source and community development</li>
|
||
<li>Versatile, Easy to read, learn and write</li>
|
||
<li>User-friendly data structures</li>
|
||
<li>High-level language</li>
|
||
<li>Dynamically typed language(No need to mention data type based on the value assigned, it takes data type)</li>
|
||
<li>Object-oriented language</li>
|
||
<li>Portable and Interactive</li>
|
||
<li>Ideal for prototypes – provide more functionality with less coding</li>
|
||
<li>Highly Efficient(Python’s clean object-oriented design provides enhanced process control, and the language is equipped with excellent text processing and integration capabilities, as well as its own unit testing framework, which makes it more efficient.)</li>
|
||
<li>(IoT)Internet of Things Opportunities</li>
|
||
<li>Interpreted Language</li>
|
||
<li>Portable across Operating systems</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="applications-"><a class="header" href="#applications-"><strong>Applications :</strong></a></h3>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>GUI based desktop applications</li>
|
||
<li>Graphic design, image processing applications, Games, and Scientific/ computational Applications</li>
|
||
<li>Web frameworks and applications</li>
|
||
<li> Enterprise and Business applications</li>
|
||
<li> Operating Systems</li>
|
||
<li>Education</li>
|
||
<li>Database Access</li>
|
||
<li>Language Development</li>
|
||
<li> Prototyping</li>
|
||
<li>Software Development</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="organizations-using-python-"><a class="header" href="#organizations-using-python-"><strong>Organizations using Python :</strong></a></h3>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Google(Components of Google spider and Search Engine)</li>
|
||
<li>Yahoo(Maps)</li>
|
||
<li>YouTube</li>
|
||
<li>Mozilla</li>
|
||
<li>Dropbox</li>
|
||
<li>Microsoft</li>
|
||
<li>Cisco</li>
|
||
<li>Spotify</li>
|
||
<li>Quora</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>So before moving on further.. let’s do the most popular ‘HelloWorld’ tradition <img src="../../img_list/e24108dc46e547039a417c76f07eb6fdtplvk3u1fbpfcpzoom1.png" alt="😛" /> and hence compare Python’s Syntax with C, C++, Java ( I have taken these 3 because they are most famous and mostly used languages).</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-python"># Python code for "Hello World"
|
||
# nothing else to type...see how simple is the syntax.
|
||
print("Hello World")
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Please note that Python for its scope doesn’t depend on the braces ( { } ), instead it uses indentation for its scope.
|
||
Now moving on further <strong>Lets start our basics of Python</strong> . I will be covering the basics in some small sections. Just go through them and trust me you’ll learn the basics of Python very easily.</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>If you are on <strong>Windows OS</strong> download Python by <a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/">Clicking here</a> and now install from the setup and in the start menu type IDLE.IDLE, you can think it as an Python’s IDE to run the Python Scripts.
|
||
It will look somehow this :
|
||
<img src="../../img_list/7f894db9da694339a51b58d65fc4ea49tplvk3u1fbpfcpzoom1.png" alt="" /></li>
|
||
<li>If you are on <strong>Linux/Unix-like</strong> just open the terminal and on 99% linux OS Python comes preinstalled with the OS.Just type ‘python3’ in terminal and you are ready to go.
|
||
It will look like this :
|
||
<img src="../../img_list/3039a1e3066c44f3acbad0df4429b77ftplvk3u1fbpfcpzoom1.png" alt="" /></li>
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