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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../index.html">Andrew's Blog</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> linux</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/install_linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> install linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/bash_profile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash profile</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/command_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> command list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/git_guide.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> git guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/tar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> tar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/run_x86_elf_in_x64_setup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> run x86 elf in x64 setup</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/mac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> mac</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/macos_profiles.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> macos profiles</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> swift</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/learn_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> learn swift basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_extensions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Swift extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_extension.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> SwiftUI extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/install_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> install swift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/task_planner.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> implment task panner app with SwiftUI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Swift Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/yinci_url.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Personal privacy protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_regular_exressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> Swift regular exressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/how_to_create_beautiful_ios_charts_in_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> How to Create Beautiful iOS Charts in鑱絊wift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_source_code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> SwiftUI source code</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/use_swift_fetch_iciba_api.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> use swift fetch iciba API</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/ios.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> ios</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/cocaposd_setup_and_install_for_ios_project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> cocaposd setup and install for ios project</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/swiftui_show_gif_image.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> SwiftUI show gif image</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/implement_task_planner_app.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> implement Task planner App</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> objective_c</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Objective-C Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_for_absolute_beginners_read_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Objective-C Note</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> dart</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/flutter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Flutter Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Dart Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/flutter/flutter_dev_test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Flutter dev test</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> rust</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/offline_use_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Offline use rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_grammer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> rust grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/pase_string_and_decimal_conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> pase string and decimal conversion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/parse_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> rust types</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Rust life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_generic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> rust generics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implment_matrix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> Rust implement matrix</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> Rust implement sort algorithms</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_aes_encryption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> Rust implement AEC encryption and decryption</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_trie_data_structure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> implement trie data structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_tree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> implement tree data_structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/list_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> list dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/fast_way_to_implment_object_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> fast way to implment object trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/compress_rust_binary_size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> compress rust binary size</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implment_file_upload_backend.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> impliment file upload</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/this_is_add_post_cli_implementation_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.16.</strong> this is add_post cli implementation in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/use_rust_implment_a_copyclipbord_cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.17.</strong> Use rust implment a copyclipbord CLI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/sqlite_database_add_delete_update_show_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.18.</strong> sqlite database add delete update show in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implementing_tokio_joinhandle_for_wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.19.</strong> Implementing tokio JoinHandle for wasm</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_a_crate_for_encode_and_decode_brainfuck_and_ook.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.20.</strong> rust implement a crate for encode and decode brainfuck and ook</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/slint_builtin_elements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.21.</strong> Slint Builtin Elements</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/corporate_network_install_rust_on_windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.22.</strong> Corporate network install Rust on windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_file_how_to_judge_static_link_or_dynamic_link_in_macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.23.</strong> rust binary file how to judge static link or dynamic link in Macos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_include_dir_and_get_contents.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.24.</strong> rust binary include dir and get contents</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_logger_non-block.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.25.</strong> rust logger non-block</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_connect_sql_server_database.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.26.</strong> rust connect sql server database</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_websocket_implment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.27.</strong> rust websocket implment</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> java</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> java grammar and codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/run_jar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> java run .jar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_pomxml_add_defaultgoal_to_build.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Java pomxml add defaultGoal to build</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_set_mvn_mirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Java set mvn mirror</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> python</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/convert_pesn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> convert pesn</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/find_remove_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> find and remove dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/timing_message.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> wechat send message</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/use_python_openpyxl_package_read_and_edit_excel_files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Use python openpyxl package read and edit excel files</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/go/go.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> go</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/js/js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> js</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> js tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> ja map</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_math.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> js math</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> js object</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_set.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> js set</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/single_thread_and_asynchronous.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> single thread and asynchronous</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> js this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_implment_aes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> js implment aes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/getting_started_with_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.9.</strong> getting started with ajax</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/BinarySearchTree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.10.</strong> binary search tree</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/js/goole_zx.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.11.</strong> goole zx</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/es6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.12.</strong> es6</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> ruby</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/rails_setup_env.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> ruby on rails setup environment</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/learn_ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> learn ruby</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Ruby Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/setup_ruby_for_ctf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> Setup ruby for CTF</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> react</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> react life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> react router</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> react this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_interviw.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/important_react_interview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> important react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.</strong> react quick reference</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/redux_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.</strong> redux quick reference</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> vue</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> vue ajax</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> angular</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/controller_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> controller communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/creating_custom_directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> creating custom directives</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_notes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> directive notes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> directive communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/post_params.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> post params</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/read_json_angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> read json angular</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/same_route_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.7.</strong> same route reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> css</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/use_css_media.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> use css media</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> php</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/for_php_string_implment_some_extemtion_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> for php string implment some extemtion functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php_cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.2.</strong> PHP cheatsheet</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> leetcode</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.1.</strong> rust leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.</strong> rust codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/swift_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.</strong> swift codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/js_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.</strong> js leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/java_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.5.</strong> java leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_huawei.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.6.</strong> huawei test</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_utils.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.7.</strong> rust common functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/olympiad_training.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.8.</strong> Computer olympiad training</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> ctf</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.1.</strong> CTF Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.1_Web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/4.1_Misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.3.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.4.</strong> PWN</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.1_Crypto.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.</strong> Crypto</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.4_RSA_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.6.</strong> Rsa attack</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.5_Base64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.7.</strong> Base64</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.0_SQL Injection Cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.8.</strong> SQL Injection Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.1_SQL_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.9.</strong> SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.2_SQL_injection_UNION_attacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.10.</strong> SQL Injection UNION attacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.3_Blind SQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.11.</strong> Blind SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.4_Code Injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.12.</strong> Code Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.5_SSRF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.13.</strong> SSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.6_OS command injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.14.</strong> OS command injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.7_Local file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.15.</strong> Local file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.8_Remote file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.16.</strong> Remote file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.9_CSRFm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.17.</strong> CSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.10_NoSQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.18.</strong> NoSQL injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.11_JSON injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.19.</strong> JSON injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.12_CTF_Web_SQL_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.20.</strong> CTF Web SQL Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.1_XXE.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.21.</strong> XXE</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.2_XSS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.22.</strong> XSS</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.3_Upload File.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.23.</strong> Upload File</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.4_serialize_unserialize.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.24.</strong> serialize unserialize</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.5_Race condition.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.25.</strong> Race condition</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.26.</strong> PWN_note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.3_pwn HCTF2016 brop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.27.</strong> pwn HCTF2016 brop</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_patch_defense_skill.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.28.</strong> PWN Patch defense skill</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_stack_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.29.</strong> PWN stack overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_heap_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.30.</strong> PWN heap overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_format_string_vulnerability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.31.</strong> PWN Format String Vulnerability</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/kali_linux_tutorials.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.32.</strong> Kali linux tutorials</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/google_dorks_2023_lists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.33.</strong> Google Dorks 2023 Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/dvwa_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.34.</strong> DVWA WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/bwapp_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.35.</strong> bWAPP WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/sqlilabs_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.36.</strong> sqlilabs WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_train_at_hangzhou.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.37.</strong> ctf train at hangzhou</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_common_mindmap_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.38.</strong> ctf common mindmap list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/error_based_sql_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.39.</strong> Error Based SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/urlfinder_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.40.</strong> URLFinder Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/observer_ward_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.41.</strong> observer_ward Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/mysql_udf_.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.42.</strong> MySQL UDF 提权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/nuclei__tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.43.</strong> Nuclei Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2024_ctf_solution_thinking.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.44.</strong> 2024 ctf solution thinking</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/man_che_si_te_bian_ma.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.45.</strong> 曼彻斯特编码</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle">
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<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light</button></li>
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<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Andrew's Blog</h1>
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<a href="https://gitlink.org.cn/dnrops/dnrops.gitlink.net.git" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
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<div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
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<form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
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<input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
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</form>
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<div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
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<ul id="searchresults">
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</div>
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<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
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<script>
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document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
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document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
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Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
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link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
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});
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</script>
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<div id="content" class="content">
|
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<main>
|
|
<h1 id="google-zx"><a class="header" href="#google-zx">Google zx</a></h1>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">#!/usr/bin/env zx
|
|
await $`cat package.json | grep name`;
|
|
let branch = await $`git branch --show-current`;
|
|
await $`dep deploy --branch=${branch}`;
|
|
await Promise.all([$`sleep 1; echo 1`, $`sleep 2; echo 2`, $`sleep 3; echo 3`]);
|
|
let name = "foo bar";
|
|
await $`mkdir /tmp/${name}`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Bash is great, but when it comes to writing scripts, people usually choose a
|
|
more convenient programming language. JavaScript is a perfect choice, but
|
|
standard Node.js library requires additional hassle before using. The <code>zx</code>
|
|
package provides useful wrappers around <code>child_process</code>, escapes arguments and
|
|
gives sensible defaults.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="install"><a class="header" href="#install">Install</a></h2>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm i -g zx
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="requirement"><a class="header" href="#requirement">Requirement</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Node.js >= 14.8.0</p>
|
|
<h2 id="documentation"><a class="header" href="#documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Write your scripts in a file with <code>.mjs</code> extension in order to be able to use
|
|
<code>await</code> on top level. If you prefer the <code>.js</code> extension, wrap your scripts in
|
|
something like <code>void async function () {...}()</code>.
|
|
Add the following shebang to the beginning of your <code>zx</code> scripts:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">#!/usr/bin/env zx
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Now you will be able to run your script like so:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">chmod +x ./script.mjs
|
|
./script.mjs
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or via the <code>zx</code> executable:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">zx ./script.mjs
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>All functions (<code>$</code>, <code>cd</code>, <code>fetch</code>, etc) are available straight away without any
|
|
imports.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="command"><a class="header" href="#command"><code>$`command`</code></a></h3>
|
|
<p>Executes a given string using the <code>spawn</code> function from the <code>child_process</code>
|
|
package and returns <code>ProcessPromise<ProcessOutput></code>.
|
|
Everything passed through <code>${...}</code> will be automatically escaped and quoted.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let name = "foo & bar";
|
|
await $`mkdir ${name}`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><strong>There is no need to add extra quotes.</strong> Read more about it in
|
|
<a href="docs/quotes.html">quotes</a>.
|
|
You can pass an array of arguments if needed:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let flags = ["--oneline", "--decorate", "--color"];
|
|
await $`git log ${flags}`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>If the executed program returns a non-zero exit code, <code>ProcessOutput</code> will be
|
|
thrown.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">try {
|
|
await $`exit 1`;
|
|
} catch (p) {
|
|
console.log(`Exit code: ${p.exitCode}`);
|
|
console.log(`Error: ${p.stderr}`);
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="processpromise"><a class="header" href="#processpromise"><code>ProcessPromise</code></a></h4>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-ts">class ProcessPromise<T> extends Promise<T> {
|
|
readonly stdin: Writable;
|
|
readonly stdout: Readable;
|
|
readonly stderr: Readable;
|
|
readonly exitCode: Promise<number>;
|
|
pipe(dest): ProcessPromise<T>;
|
|
kill(signal = "SIGTERM"): Promise<void>;
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>The <code>pipe()</code> method can be used to redirect stdout:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await $`cat file.txt`.pipe(process.stdout);
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Read more about <a href="docs/pipelines.html">pipelines</a>.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="processoutput"><a class="header" href="#processoutput"><code>ProcessOutput</code></a></h4>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-ts">class ProcessOutput {
|
|
readonly stdout: string;
|
|
readonly stderr: string;
|
|
readonly exitCode: number;
|
|
toString(): string;
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="functions"><a class="header" href="#functions">Functions</a></h3>
|
|
<h4 id="cd"><a class="header" href="#cd"><code>cd()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Changes the current working directory.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">cd("/tmp");
|
|
await $`pwd`; // outputs /tmp
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="fetch"><a class="header" href="#fetch"><code>fetch()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>A wrapper around the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch">node-fetch</a>
|
|
package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let resp = await fetch("http://wttr.in");
|
|
if (resp.ok) {
|
|
console.log(await resp.text());
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="question"><a class="header" href="#question"><code>question()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>A wrapper around the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/readline.html">readline</a> package.
|
|
Usage:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let bear = await question("What kind of bear is best? ");
|
|
let token = await question("Choose env variable: ", {
|
|
choices: Object.keys(process.env),
|
|
});
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>In second argument, array of choices for Tab autocompletion can be specified.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-ts">function question(query?: string, options?: QuestionOptions): Promise<string>;
|
|
type QuestionOptions = { choices: string[] };
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="sleep"><a class="header" href="#sleep"><code>sleep()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>A wrapper around the <code>setTimeout</code> function.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await sleep(1000);
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="nothrow"><a class="header" href="#nothrow"><code>nothrow()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Changes behavior of <code>$</code> to not throw an exception on non-zero exit codes.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-ts">function nothrow<P>(p: P): P;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Usage:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await nothrow($`grep something from-file`);
|
|
// Inside a pipe():
|
|
await $`find ./examples -type f -print0`
|
|
.pipe(nothrow($`xargs -0 grep something`))
|
|
.pipe($`wc -l`);
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>If only the <code>exitCode</code> is needed, you can use the next code instead:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">if (await $`[[ -d path ]]`.exitCode == 0) {
|
|
...
|
|
}
|
|
// Equivalent of:
|
|
if ((await nothrow($`[[ -d path ]]`)).exitCode == 0) {
|
|
...
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="packages"><a class="header" href="#packages">Packages</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Next packages is available without importing inside scripts.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="chalk-package"><a class="header" href="#chalk-package"><code>chalk</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/chalk">chalk</a> package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log(chalk.blue("Hello world!"));
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="fs-package"><a class="header" href="#fs-package"><code>fs</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/fs-extra">fs-extra</a> package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let content = await fs.readFile("./package.json");
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="globby-package"><a class="header" href="#globby-package"><code>globby</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/globby">globby</a> package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let packages = await globby(["package.json", "packages/*/package.json"]);
|
|
let pictures = globby.globbySync("content/*.(jpg|png)");
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Also, globby available via the <code>glob</code> shortcut:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await $`svgo ${await glob("*.svg")}`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="os-package"><a class="header" href="#os-package"><code>os</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/os.html">os</a> package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await $`cd ${os.homedir()} && mkdir example`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="path-package"><a class="header" href="#path-package"><code>path</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html">path</a> package.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">await $`mkdir ${path.join(basedir, "output")}`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="minimist-package"><a class="header" href="#minimist-package"><code>minimist</code> package</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/minimist">minimist</a> package.
|
|
Available as global const <code>argv</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3>
|
|
<h4 id="shell"><a class="header" href="#shell"><code>$.shell</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Specifies what shell is used. Default is <code>which bash</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">$.shell = "/usr/bin/bash";
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or use a CLI argument: <code>--shell=/bin/bash</code></p>
|
|
<h4 id="prefix"><a class="header" href="#prefix"><code>$.prefix</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Specifies the command that will be prefixed to all commands run.
|
|
Default is <code>set -euo pipefail;</code>.
|
|
Or use a CLI argument: <code>--prefix='set -e;'</code></p>
|
|
<h4 id="quote"><a class="header" href="#quote"><code>$.quote</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Specifies a function for escaping special characters during command
|
|
substitution.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="verbose"><a class="header" href="#verbose"><code>$.verbose</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>Specifies verbosity. Default is <code>true</code>.
|
|
In verbose mode, the <code>zx</code> prints all executed commands alongside with their
|
|
outputs.
|
|
Or use a CLI argument <code>--quiet</code> to set <code>$.verbose = false</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="polyfills"><a class="header" href="#polyfills">Polyfills</a></h3>
|
|
<h4 id="__filename--__dirname"><a class="header" href="#__filename--__dirname"><code>__filename</code> & <code>__dirname</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>In <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html">ESM</a> modules, Node.js does not provide
|
|
<code>__filename</code> and <code>__dirname</code> globals. As such globals are really handy in
|
|
scripts, <code>zx</code> provides these for use in <code>.mjs</code> files (when using the <code>zx</code>
|
|
executable).</p>
|
|
<h4 id="require"><a class="header" href="#require"><code>require()</code></a></h4>
|
|
<p>In
|
|
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules_module_createrequire_filename">ESM</a>
|
|
modules, the <code>require()</code> function is not defined. The <code>zx</code> provides <code>require()</code>
|
|
function, so it can be used with imports in <code>.mjs</code> files (when using <code>zx</code>
|
|
executable).</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let { version } = require("./package.json");
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="faq"><a class="header" href="#faq">FAQ</a></h3>
|
|
<h4 id="passing-env-variables"><a class="header" href="#passing-env-variables">Passing env variables</a></h4>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">process.env.FOO = "bar";
|
|
await $`echo $FOO`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="passing-array-of-values"><a class="header" href="#passing-array-of-values">Passing array of values</a></h4>
|
|
<p>If array of values passed as argument to <code>$</code>, items of the array will be escaped
|
|
individually and concatenated via space.
|
|
Example:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">let files = [...]
|
|
await $`tar cz ${files}`
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="importing-from-other-scripts"><a class="header" href="#importing-from-other-scripts">Importing from other scripts</a></h4>
|
|
<p>It is possible to make use of <code>$</code> and other functions via explicit imports:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">#!/usr/bin/env node
|
|
import { $ } from "zx";
|
|
await $`date`;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="scripts-without-extensions"><a class="header" href="#scripts-without-extensions">Scripts without extensions</a></h4>
|
|
<p>If script does not have a file extension (like <code>.git/hooks/pre-commit</code>), zx
|
|
assumes that it is an
|
|
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules_module_createrequire_filename">ESM</a>
|
|
module.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="markdown-scripts"><a class="header" href="#markdown-scripts">Markdown scripts</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <code>zx</code> can execute scripts written in markdown
|
|
(<a href="docs/markdown.html">docs/markdown.md</a>):</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">zx docs/markdown.md
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="typescript-scripts"><a class="header" href="#typescript-scripts">TypeScript scripts</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <code>zx</code> can compile <code>.ts</code> scripts to <code>.mjs</code> and execute them.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">zx script.ts
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-ts">import { $ } from "zx";
|
|
void (async function () {
|
|
await $`ls -la`;
|
|
})();
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="executing-remote-scripts"><a class="header" href="#executing-remote-scripts">Executing remote scripts</a></h4>
|
|
<p>If the argument to the <code>zx</code> executable starts with <code>https://</code>, the file will be
|
|
downloaded and executed.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">zx https://medv.io/example-script.mjs
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">zx https://medv.io/game-of-life.mjs
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="executing-scripts-from-stdin"><a class="header" href="#executing-scripts-from-stdin">Executing scripts from stdin</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The <code>zx</code> supports executing scripts from stdin.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">zx << "EOF";
|
|
await $`pwd`;
|
|
EOF;
|
|
</code></pre>
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|
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