593 lines
23 KiB
Python
593 lines
23 KiB
Python
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<!--
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- Copyright (C) 2014-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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-
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- This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
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- License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
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- file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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-->
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<title>delv</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry">
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<a name="man.delv"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h2>Name</h2>
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<p>
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delv
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— DNS lookup and validation utility
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
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<h2>Synopsis</h2>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
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<code class="command">delv</code>
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[@server]
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[
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[<code class="option">-4</code>]
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| [<code class="option">-6</code>]
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]
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[<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-i</code>]
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[<code class="option">-m</code>]
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[<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>]
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[<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>]
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[name]
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[type]
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[class]
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[queryopt...]
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</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
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<code class="command">delv</code>
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[<code class="option">-h</code>]
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</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
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<code class="command">delv</code>
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[<code class="option">-v</code>]
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</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
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<code class="command">delv</code>
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[queryopt...]
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[query...]
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</p></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsection">
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<a name="id-1.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p><span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
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is a tool for sending
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DNS queries and validating the results, using the same internal
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resolver and validator logic as <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will send to a specified name server all
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queries needed to fetch and validate the requested data; this
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includes the original requested query, subsequent queries to follow
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CNAME or DNAME chains, and queries for DNSKEY, DS and DLV records
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to establish a chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
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It does not perform iterative resolution, but simulates the
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behavior of a name server configured for DNSSEC validating and
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forwarding.
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</p>
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<p>
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By default, responses are validated using built-in DNSSEC trust
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anchor for the root zone ("."). Records returned by
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> are either fully validated or
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were not signed. If validation fails, an explanation of
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the failure is included in the output; the validation process
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can be traced in detail. Because <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> does
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not rely on an external server to carry out validation, it can
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be used to check the validity of DNS responses in environments
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where local name servers may not be trustworthy.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server
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addresses are found, <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will send
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queries to the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4, ::1
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for IPv6).
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</p>
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<p>
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When no command line arguments or options are given,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "."
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(the root zone).
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsection">
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<a name="id-1.8"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
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<p>
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A typical invocation of <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> looks like:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"> delv @server name type </pre>
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<p>
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where:
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
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can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
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address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
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<em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> resolves that name before
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querying that name server (note, however, that this
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initial lookup is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> validated
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by DNSSEC).
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</p>
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<p>
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If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
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provided, <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> consults
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
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address is found there, it queries the name server at
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that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
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<code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
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only addresses for the corresponding transport
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will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will send queries to
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the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4,
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::1 for IPv6).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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is the domain name to be looked up.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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indicates what type of query is required —
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ANY, A, MX, etc.
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
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type. If no
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
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A record.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl></div>
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<p>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsection">
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<a name="id-1.9"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
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<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Specifies a file from which to read DNSSEC trust anchors.
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The default is <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>, which
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is included with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and contains
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one or more trust anchors for the root zone (".").
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</p>
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<p>
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Keys that do not match the root zone name are ignored.
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An alternate key name can be specified using the
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<code class="option">+root=NAME</code> options. DNSSEC Lookaside
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Validation can also be turned on by using the
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<code class="option">+dlv=NAME</code> to specify the name of a
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zone containing DLV records.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note: When reading the trust anchor file,
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<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> treats <code class="option">managed-keys</code>
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statements and <code class="option">trusted-keys</code> statements
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identically. That is, for a managed key, it is the
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<span class="emphasis"><em>initial</em></span> key that is trusted; RFC 5011
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key management is not supported. <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
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will not consult the managed-keys database maintained by
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<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. This means that if either of the
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keys in <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> is revoked
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and rolled over, it will be necessary to update
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<code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> to use DNSSEC
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validation in <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Sets the source IP address of the query to
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<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid address
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on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::".
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An optional source port may be specified by appending
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"#<port>"
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Sets the query class for the requested data. Currently,
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only class "IN" is supported in <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
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and any other value is ignored.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Set the systemwide debug level to <code class="option">level</code>.
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The allowed range is from 0 to 99.
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The default is 0 (no debugging).
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Debugging traces from <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> become
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more verbose as the debug level increases.
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See the <code class="option">+mtrace</code>, <code class="option">+rtrace</code>,
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and <code class="option">+vtrace</code> options below for additional
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debugging details.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Display the <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> help usage output and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Insecure mode. This disables internal DNSSEC validation.
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(Note, however, this does not set the CD bit on upstream
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queries. If the server being queried is performing DNSSEC
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validation, then it will not return invalid data; this
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can cause <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> to time out. When it
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is necessary to examine invalid data to debug a DNSSEC
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problem, use <span class="command"><strong>dig +cd</strong></span>.)
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Enables memory usage debugging.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Specifies a destination port to use for queries instead of
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the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
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with a name server that has been configured to listen
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for queries on a non-standard port number.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Sets the query name to <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>.
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While the query name can be specified without using the
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<code class="option">-q</code>, it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate
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names from types or classes (for example, when looking up the
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name "ns", which could be misinterpreted as the type NS,
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or "ch", which could be misinterpreted as class CH).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Sets the query type to <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>, which
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can be any valid query type supported in BIND 9 except
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for zone transfer types AXFR and IXFR. As with
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<code class="option">-q</code>, this is useful to distinguish
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query name type or class when they are ambiguous.
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it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate names from types.
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</p>
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<p>
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The default query type is "A", unless the <code class="option">-x</code>
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option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup, in which case
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it is "PTR".
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Print the <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> version and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Performs a reverse lookup, mapping an addresses to
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a name. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address in
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dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
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When <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no need to provide
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the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> or <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
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arguments. <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> automatically performs a
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lookup for a name like <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
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and sets the query type to PTR. IPv6 addresses are looked up
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using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Forces <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> to only use IPv4.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Forces <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> to only use IPv6.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsection">
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<a name="id-1.10"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
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<p><span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
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provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
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displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
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</p>
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<p>
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Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
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(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
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option. These may be preceded by the string
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<code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of that keyword.
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Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval.
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They have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
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The query options are:
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Controls whether to set the CD (checking disabled) bit in
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queries sent by <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>. This may be useful
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when troubleshooting DNSSEC problems from behind a validating
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resolver. A validating resolver will block invalid responses,
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making it difficult to retrieve them for analysis. Setting
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the CD flag on queries will cause the resolver to return
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invalid responses, which <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> can then
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validate internally and report the errors in detail.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]class</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Controls whether to display the CLASS when printing
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a record. The default is to display the CLASS.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttl</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Controls whether to display the TTL when printing
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a record. The default is to display the TTL.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle resolver fetch logging. This reports the
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name and type of each query sent by <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
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in the process of carrying out the resolution and validation
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process: this includes including the original query and
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all subsequent queries to follow CNAMEs and to establish a
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chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 1 in
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the "resolver" logging category. Setting the systemwide
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debug level to 1 using the <code class="option">-d</code> option will
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product the same output (but will affect other logging
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categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]mtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle message logging. This produces a detailed dump of
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the responses received by <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> in the
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process of carrying out the resolution and validation process.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 10
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for the "packets" module of the "resolver" logging
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category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 10 using
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the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
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(but will affect other logging categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle validation logging. This shows the internal
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process of the validator as it determines whether an
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answer is validly signed, unsigned, or invalid.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 3
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for the "validator" module of the "dnssec" logging
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category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 3 using
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the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
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(but will affect other logging categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
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verbose form.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
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is to print comments.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle the display of per-record comments in the output (for
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|
example, human-readable key information about DNSKEY records).
|
|
The default is to print per-record comments.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records.
|
|
The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC
|
|
validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see
|
|
the common failures. The default is to display the fields.
|
|
When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or
|
|
in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
|
|
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trust</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Controls whether to display the trust level when printing
|
|
a record. The default is to display the trust level.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]split[=W]</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
|
|
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> characters
|
|
(where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded up to the nearest
|
|
multiple of 4).
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to be
|
|
split at all. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters
|
|
when multiline mode is active.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Set or clear the display options
|
|
<code class="option">+[no]comments</code>,
|
|
<code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code>, and
|
|
<code class="option">+[no]trust</code> as a group.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print long records (such as RRSIG, DNSKEY, and SOA records)
|
|
in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments.
|
|
The default is to print each record on a single line, to
|
|
facilitate machine parsing of the <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span>
|
|
output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Indicates whether to display RRSIG records in the
|
|
<span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> output. The default is to
|
|
do so. Note that (unlike in <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>)
|
|
this does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> control whether to
|
|
request DNSSEC records or whether to validate them.
|
|
DNSSEC records are always requested, and validation
|
|
will always occur unless suppressed by the use of
|
|
<code class="option">-i</code> or <code class="option">+noroot</code> and
|
|
<code class="option">+nodlv</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]root[=ROOT]</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Indicates whether to perform conventional (non-lookaside)
|
|
DNSSEC validation, and if so, specifies the
|
|
name of a trust anchor. The default is to validate using
|
|
a trust anchor of "." (the root zone), for which there is
|
|
a built-in key. If specifying a different trust anchor,
|
|
then <code class="option">-a</code> must be used to specify a file
|
|
containing the key.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dlv[=DLV]</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Indicates whether to perform DNSSEC lookaside validation,
|
|
and if so, specifies the name of the DLV trust anchor.
|
|
The <code class="option">-a</code> option must also be used to specify
|
|
a file containing the DLV key.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Controls whether to use TCP when sending queries.
|
|
The default is to use UDP unless a truncated
|
|
response has been received.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]unknownformat</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format
|
|
(RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types
|
|
in the type's presentation format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsection">
|
|
<a name="id-1.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code></p>
|
|
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsection">
|
|
<a name="id-1.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><span class="citerefentry">
|
|
<span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)
|
|
</span>,
|
|
<span class="citerefentry">
|
|
<span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)
|
|
</span>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4034</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4035</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4431</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC5074</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC5155</em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div></body>
|
|
</html>
|